Skip to main content

On States, Actions, Omissions and Norms

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Synthese Library ((SYLI,volume 266))

Abstract

Philosophers, lawyers and detectives have been puzzled by the problem of locating actions in time and space. The great detective Nero Wolfe observed (Stout 1935/1982, 16): The average murder, I would guess, consumes ten or fifteen seconds at the outside. In cases of slow poison and similar ingenuities death of course is lingering, but the act of murder is commonly quite brief.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Apostel, Leo (1982), “Towards a General Theory of Argumentation” in E.M. Barth and J.L. Martens (eds.), Argumentation. Approaches to Theory Formation. Amsterdam, John Benjamins B.V., pp. 93–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Åqvist, Lennart (1974), “A New Approach to the Logical Theory of Actions and Causality” in S. Stenlund (ed.), Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis. Dordrecht, D. Reidel, pp. 73–91.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Åqvist, Lennart and Philip Mullock (1989), Causing Harm. Berlin-New York, Walter de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bäck, Allan (1996), On Reduplication. Logical Theories of Qualification. Leiden-New York-Köln, E.J. Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belnap, Nuel (1991), “Backwards and Forwards in the Modal Logic of Agency,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 51, 777–807.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belnap, Nuel and Michael Perloff (1990), “Seeing to It That: A Canonical Form for Agentives” in H. Kyburg etal. (eds.), Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning. Dordrecht- Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 167–190.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Belnap, Nuel and Michael Perloff (1992), “The Way of the Agent,” Studia logica 51, 463–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buck, Brigitte (1987), Eine deontische Logik auf der Grundlage dynamischer Aussagenlogik. Dissertation, Universität zu Kiel, Kiel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmo, José and Andrew Jones (1993), “Deontic Database Constraints and the Characterisation of Recovery” in A.I.J. Jones and M. Sergot (eds.), AEON 94. Workshop Proceedings: Second International Workshop on Deontic Logic in Computer Science. Oslo, Tano A.S., pp. 56–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castaneda, Hector-Neri (1981), “The Paradoxes of Deontic Logic. The Simplest Solution to All of Them in One Fell Swoop” in R. Hilpinen (ed.), New Studies in Deontic Logic. Norms, Actions and the Foundations of Ethics. Dordrecht, D. Reidel, pp. 37–85.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Castaneda, Hector-Neri (1985), “Aspectual Actions and Davidson’s Theory of Events” in E. LePore and B.P. McLaughlin (eds.), Actions and Events: Perspectives on the Philosophy of D. Davidson. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, pp. 294–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chellas, Brian (1969), The Logical Form of Imperatives (Dissertation, Stanford University). Stanford, Perry Lane Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chellas, Brian (1992), “Time and Modality in the Logic of Agency,” Studia Logica 51, 485 – 517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, Walter Wheeler (1942), The Logical and Legal Bases of the Conflict of Laws. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Czelakowski, Janusz (1997), “Action and Deontology” in Sten Lindström and Eva Ejerhed (eds.), Logic, Action and Cognition. Dordrecht and Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, Donald (1980), “Agency” in D. Davidson, Essays in Actions and Events. Oxford, Clarendon Press, pp. 43–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eells, Ellery (1991), Probabilistic Causality. Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fine, Kit (1982), “Acts, Events and Things” in Werner Leinfellner et al. (eds.), Language and Ontology: Proceedings of the Sixth International Wittgenstein Symposium. Wien, Hölder- Pichler-Tempsky, pp. 97–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamblin, C.L. (1987), Imperatives. Oxford, Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, Herbert L.A. and A.M. Honoré (1959), Causation in the Law. Oxford, Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilpinen, Risto (1981), “Conditionals and Possible Worlds” in G. Fløistad (ed.), Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey. The Hague-Boston-London, Martinus Nijhoff, pp. 299–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilpinen, Risto (1993a), “On Deontic Logic, Pragmatics, and Modality” in Herbert Stachowiak (ed.), Pragmatik: Handbuch Pragmatischen Denkens. Band IV: Sprachphilosophie, Sprachpragmatik und formative Pragmatik. Hamburg, Felix Meiner Verlag, pp. 295–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilpinen, Risto (1993b), “Actions in Deontic Logic” in J.-J. Ch. Meyer and R.J. Wieringa (eds.), Deontic Logic in Computer Science: Normative System Specification. Chichester-New York, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 85–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilpinen, Risto (1997a), “On Impersonal Ought-Statements and Personal Directives” in E.G. Valdes et al. (eds.), Normative Systems in Legal and Moral Theory. Festschrift for Carlos E. Alchourrón and Eugenio Bulygin. Berlin, Duncker & Humblot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilpinen, Risto (1997b), “On Action and Agency” in Sten Lindström and Eva Ejerhed (eds.), Logic, Action and Cognition. Dordrecht and Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmström-Hintikka, Ghita (1991), Action, Purpose and Will. A Formal Theory. Acta Philosophica Fennica 50, Helsinki, Societas Philosophica Fennica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horty, John and Nuel Belnap (1995), “The Deliberative Stit: A Study of Action, Omission, Ability, and Obligation,” The Journal of Philosophical Logic 24, 583–644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hruschka, Joachim (1986), “Das deontologische Sechseck bei Gottfried Achenwall im Jahre 1767,” Berichte aus der Sitzungen der Joachim Jungius Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften e. V. 4 (2), Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, Andrew I.J. and Ingmar Pörn (1985), “Ideality, Sub-Ideality and Deontic Logic,” Synthese 65,275–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanger, Stig (1972), “Law and Logic,” Theoria 38, 105–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, David (1973), Counter)actuals. Oxford, Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindahl, Lars (1977), Position and Change. Dordrecht and Boston, D. Reidel Publishing Company.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, J.R. (1993), Responsibility. Oxford, Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellor, D.H. (1995), The Facts of Causation. London and New York, Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Perloff, Michael (1991), “Stit and the Language of Agency,” Synthese 86, 379–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pörn, Ingmar (1974), “Some Basic Concepts of Action” in Sören Stenlund (ed.), Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis. Dordrecht, D. Reidel, pp. 93–101.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pörn, Ingmar (1977), Action Theory and Social Science. Dordrecht, D. Reidel.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rachels, James (1975), “Active and Passive Euthanasia,” The New England Journal of Medicine 292,78–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, Wesley C. (1989), “Four Decades of Scientific Explanation” in Philip Kitcher and Wesley C. Salmon (eds.), Scientific Explanation. (Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. XIII), Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, pp. 3–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandu, Gabriel and Raimo Tuomela (1996), “Joint Action and Group Action Made Precise,” Synthese 105, 319–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segerberg, Krister (1980), “Applying Modal Logic,” Studia Logica 39, 275–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segerberg, Krister (1985) “Routines,” Synthese 65, 185–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segerberg, Krister (1989), “Bringing It About,” Journal of Philosophical Logic 18, 327–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segerberg, Krister (1992a), “Getting Started: Beginnings in the Logic of Action,” Studia Logica 51, 347–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segerberg, Krister (1992b), “Action Incompleteness,” Studia Logica 51, 533–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stout, Rex (1935/1980), The League of Frightened Men. New York, Bantam Books. (First published in 1935.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thalberg, Irving (1977), Perception, Emotion and Action: A Component Approach. Oxford, Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, Judith Jarvis (1971), “The Time of a Killing,” The Journal of Philosophy 68, 115–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, Judith Jarvis (1977), Acts and Other Events. Ithaca, Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, Judith Jarvis (1985/1986), “The Trolley Problem” in J.J. Thomson, Rights, Restitution, and Risk: Essays in Moral Theory. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1986, pp. 94–116. Reprinted from The Yale Law Journal 94, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberger, Ota (1985), “Freedom, Range for Action and the Ontology of Norms,” Synthese 65, 307–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Wright, Georg Henrik (1951), “Deontic Logic,” Mind 60, 1–15. Reprinted in G.H. von Wright, Logical Studies. London, Routledge and Kegal Paul, pp. 58–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Wright, Georg Henrik (1963), Norm and Action. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Wright, Georg Henrik (1968), An Essay in Deontic Logic and the General Theory of Action. Acta Philosophica Fennica 21, Amsterdam, North-Holland Publ. Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Wright, Georg Henrik (1983), “Norms, Truth, and Logic” in G.H. von Wright, Practical Reason: Philosophical Papers, Vol. 1, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp. 130–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Wright, Georg Henrik (1996), “Ought-to-be — Ought-to-do,” in G.H. von Wright, Six Essays in Philosophical Logic. Acta Philosophica Fennica 60, Helsinki, Societas Philosophica Fennica, pp. 63–70.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hilpinen, R. (1997). On States, Actions, Omissions and Norms. In: Holmström-Hintikka, G., Tuomela, R. (eds) Contemporary Action Theory Volume 1: Individual Action. Synthese Library, vol 266. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0439-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0439-7_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4914-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0439-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics