Abstract
In clinical practice, the drug deposits in the lungs of a young child using an aerosol are much less than in those of an adult. However, the reasons for this are not well understood. We will discuss the necessity of administering drugs in aerosol form for this category of patients. Some recent in vivo studies are reviewed. These show that lung deposits are, indeed, very low in children. Also an in vitro study of an upper airway cast of a child is discussed. An explanation for the low deposition is given using a mathematical model that focuses on the upper airways. Finally, own model calculations are performed in the lung of an adult to investigate if the desired deposition site can be targeted with specific flow rates and tidal volumes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amirav I, Balanov I., Gorenberg M., Luder A.S., Newhouse M.T. Groshar D., ß-Agonist aerosol distribution in respiratory syncytial virus bronchilitis in infants, The Journal of nuclear medicine 2002, 43(4): 487–491
Anhoj J, Thorsson L, Bisgaard H, Lung deposition of inhaled drugs increases with age, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 162(5): 1819–22
Carlsen KH, Gerritsen J, Inhaled steroids in children: adrenal suppression and growth impairment, Eur.RespJ 2002; 19(6): 985–988
Chua HL, Colli GG, Newburry AM, Chan K, Bower GD, Sly PD, Le Souef PN, The influence of age on aerosol deposition in children with cystic fibrosis, Eur Resp J 1994;7:2185–2191
Diot P, Palmer L.B., Smaldone A., DeCelie-Germana J., Grimson R., Smaldone G., RhDNase I Aerosol deposition and related factors in cystic fibrosis., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156:1662 – 1668
Gagliardi L., Rusconi F., Respiratory rate and body mass in the first three years of life. Arch. Dis. Childh. 1997;76:151–154
Hofmann W, Mathematical model for the postnatal growth of the human lung, Resp. Physiol. 1982; 49:115–129
Hofmann W, Martonen TB, Graham RC, Predicted deposition of nonhygroscopic aerosols in the human lungs as a function of subject age, J. of Aerosol Medicine 1989; 2(l):49–68
Hofmann W, Lung morphometry and particle transport and deposition: overview of existing model, in: Aerosol Inhalation: Recent Research Frontiers, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996:91–102
Hughes JMB, Pride NB (editors) Lung Function tests, physiological principles and clinical applications, WB Saunders 1999, page 164
Janssens HM, Aerosol therapy in young children, PhD thesis, 2001, ISBN 9077017011
Janssens HM, de Jongste JC, Fokkens WJ, Robben SG, Wouters K, Tiddens HA, The Sophia anatomical infant nose-throat (SAINT) model: a valuable tool to study aerosol deposition in infants, J Aerosol Med 2001; 14(4):433–441
Martonen TB, Graham RC, Hofmann W, Human subject age and activity level: factors addressed in a biomathematical deposition program for extrapolation modeling, Health Physics, 1989; 57 (suppll): 49–59
Martonen T, Yang Y, Deposition mechanics of pharmaceutical particles in human airways, from Inhalation aerosols, editors Hickey A.J. Vol 94 Series Lung Biology in Health and Disease, editor C. Lenfant, M. Dekker Inc. 1996
Phalen RF, Oldham MJ, Mautz WJ, Aerosol deposition in the nose as a function of the body size, Health Physics, 1989; 57(supp11), 299–305
Phalen RF, Oldham MJ, Methods form modelling particle deposition as function of age, Resp Physiol. 2001;128:119–130
Price J, Hindmarh P, Hughes S, Efthimiou J, Evaluating the effects of asthma therapy on childhood growth: what can be learnt from the published literature ?, Eur. Resp. J 2002; 19(6): 1179–1193
Schulz H, Brand P, Heyder J, Particle deposition in the respiratory tract, from Particle Lung Interaction, editors Gehr P, Heyder J, Vol 143 Series Lung Biology in Health and Disease, editor C. Lenfant, M. Dekker Inc. 2000
Shinwell ES, Karplus M, Reich D, Weintraub Z, Blazer S, Bader D, Yurman S, Dolfin T, Kogan A, Dolberg S, Arbel E, Goldberg M, Gur I, Naor N, Sirota L, Mogilner S, Zaritsky A, Barak M, Gottfried E, Early postnatal dexamethasone treatment and increased incidence of cerebral palsy, Arch. Dis. Child, Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2000, 83(3), F177–181
Stocks J, Sly PD, Tepper RS, Morgan WJ, Infant Respiratory Function Testing, John Whiley & Sons 1986
Taulbee DB, Yu CP, A theory of aerosol deposition in the human respiratory tract, J.Appl Physiol, 1975;38(1) 77–85
Weibel ER, Morphometry of human lungs, Springer Verlag, Berlin 1963
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
de Jongh, F., Griffioen, R. (2003). Ventilation Modelling and Drug Deposition in Very Young Asthmatic Children. In: Gradoń, L., Marijnissen, J. (eds) Optimization of Aerosol Drug Delivery. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0267-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0267-6_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-6436-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0267-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive