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Genetic Transformation of Medicago Species

  • Chapter
Applied Genetics of Leguminosae Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Focus on Biotechnology ((FOBI,volume 10B))

Abstract

The Medicago genus includes the world’s most widely grown forage legume, the perennial Medicago sativa, as well as annual pasture legumes such as the model legume Medicago truncatula. Transformation of all Medicago species, until quite recently, was dependent on a high frequency of regeneration by somatic embryogenesis. Obtaining high rates of regenera-bility and the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens have been the keys to transformation. High rates of regenerability have been obtained through identification of highly regenerable genotypes, recurrent selection and cycling through tissue culture. High regenerability can be transferred to suitable agronomic lines by traditional breeding techniques. Selection of a suitably virulent A. tumefaciens will aid transformation, and the selected strain needs to be used with the most suitable antibiotic to prevent overgowth. Kanamycin, hygromycin and phos-phinothricin are all suitable as selection agents. A new generation of selectable markers or a strategy to eliminate the marker transgene are desirable for future field releases to overcome negative perceptions in the public domain of antibiotic resistance and herbicide resistance markers. More recent in planta transformation techniques in M. truncatula have facilitated the production of large numbers of transgenics (e.g. insertional mutants) and the robustness and general applicability to the Medicago genus needs to be assessed. Transgenic strategies in Medicago have developed to the stage that defined genes can most likely be introduced into the cultivar of choice. The assessment of transgenes for agronomic performance is well advanced in Medicago. Genetic modification using cell fusion has also been successful in the Medicago genus. Asymmetric and highly asymmetric hybridisations are strategies that are technically feasible. Future developments in regenerability and transformation are likely to lead to simpler and more rapid strategies for the production of transgenics that can also be applied to other legumes. Research in the model legume M. truncatula will also contribute new genetic knowledge that can be applied directly to the Medicago genus.

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  1. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia

    Ray J. Rose, Kim E. Nolan & Chen Niu

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  1. Department of Biosciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India

    Pawan K. Jaiwal  & Rana P. Singh  & 

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Rose, R.J., Nolan, K.E., Niu, C. (2003). Genetic Transformation of Medicago Species. In: Jaiwal, P.K., Singh, R.P. (eds) Applied Genetics of Leguminosae Biotechnology. Focus on Biotechnology, vol 10B. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0139-6_15

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