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Thermal Transformation of Soil Organic Matter by Natural Fires and Laboratory-Controlled Heatings

  • Chapter
Natural and Laboratory-Simulated Thermal Geochemical Processes

Abstract

The results of a multi-approach analysis on the effects that wildfires exert on soil organic matter (SOM) properties are presented. The methods used included wet chemical oxidation and thermal degradation by flash pyrolysis, as well as Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) and solid-state 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. Such destructive and non-destructive analytical techniques were used for the assessment of heat effects to a molecular level applied to representative Spanish forest ecosystems and for the study of the alteration of different organic materials in the course of progressive heating in laboratory simulation experiments. The materials studied included: whole soils and sapric peat, isolated soil humic fractions, lignocellulosic biomass and preparations of cellulose.

Among our findings, it can be emphasized: (i) the importance of the abiotic transformation of aliphatic precursors into aromatic macromolecules under present-day environmental conditions, (ii) a thermal neoformation of heterocyclic N-forms, (iii) changes in the solubility properties of the soluble and colloidal SOM fractions, (iv) a preferential loss of oxygen-containing functional groups and O-alkyl aliphatic structures, and (v) changes in the SOM macromolecular structure, probably related to the accumulation of a resistant alkyl moiety.

In general, our results from laboratory experiments agreed with those obtained from soils affected by wildfires in different Continental Mediterranean forest formations. The results are discussed in terms of the natural stabilization mechanisms of the most refractory SOM forms, which is of particular interest in the study of the global C and N biogeochemical cycles.

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  1. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, C.S.I.C., P.O. Box 1052, 41080, Seville, Spain

    F. J. González-Vila

  2. Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales, C.S.I.C., Serrano, 115 B, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Galmendros

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  1. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

    Raphael Ikan

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González-Vila, F.J., Galmendros (2003). Thermal Transformation of Soil Organic Matter by Natural Fires and Laboratory-Controlled Heatings. In: Ikan, R. (eds) Natural and Laboratory-Simulated Thermal Geochemical Processes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0111-2_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0111-2_4

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