Skip to main content

Trimetallic Nitride Template (TNT) Endohedral Metallofullerenes

  • Chapter
Endofullerenes

Part of the book series: Developments in Fullerene Science ((DFUL,volume 3))

Abstract

In this chapter, we review the preparation, separation, and characterization of a new family of trimetallic nitride template (TNT) endohedral metallofullerenes AnB3−nN@C2x (n = 0–3, x = 34, 39, and 40) where A and B are metals (Group III and rare earths) that are formed in relatively high yields. The archetypal representative of this new class is the stable endohedral metallofullerene, Sc3N@C80 containing a triscandium nitride cluster encapsulated in an icosahedron (Ih), C80 cage. Other prominent TNT members are Sc3N@C68 and Sc3N@C78. The former Sc3N@C68 molecule represents an exception to the well known isolated pentagon rule (IPR).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. S. Shinohara, Rep. Prog. Phys. 63, 843–892 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Nagase, K. Kobayashi, and T. Akasaka, in The Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials, K. M. Kadish and R. S. Ruoff, Ed., The Electrochemical Society, Inc., Pennington, 1995, pp. 747–776.

    Google Scholar 

  3. S. Nagase, K. Kobayashi, and T. Akasaka, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 69, 2131–2142 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Krätschmer, W., Fostiropoulos, K., and Huffman, D. R., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1990, 170, 167–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. S. Stevenson, G. Rice, T. Glass, K. Harich, F. Cromer, M. R. Jordan, J. Craft, E. Hajdu, R. Bible, M. M. Olmstead, K. Maitra, A. J. Fischer, A. L. Balch, and H. C. Dorn, Nature 401, 55 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. M. Olmstead, A. de Bettencourt-Dias, J. C. Duchamp, S. Stevenson, H. C. Dorn, and A. L. Balch, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 12220–12226 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. S. Stevenson, P. W. Fowler, T. Heine, J. C. Duchamp, G. Rice, T. Glass, K. Harich, E. Hajdu, R. Bible, and H. C. Dorn, Nature 408, 427–428 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. M. H. Olmstead, A. de Bettencourt-Dias, J. C. Duchamp, S. Stevenson, D. Marciu, H.C. Dorn, and A. L. Balch, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40, 1223–1227 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. H. C. Dorn, S. Stevenson, J. Craft, F. Cromer, J. C. Duchamp G. Rice, T. Glass, K. Harich, P. W. Fowler, T. Heine, E. Hajdu, R. Bible, M. M. Olmstead, K. Maitra, A. J. Fischer, and A. L. Balch, Proc. IWEPNM2000 Conf. (Kirchberg, Austria), 135 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  10. E. B. Iezzi, F. Cromer, and H. C. Dorn, Chem. Commun. submitted (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  11. A. Thess, R. Lee, P. Nikolaev, H. Dai, P. Petit, J. Robert, C. Xu, Y. H. Lee, S. G. Kim, A. G. Rinzler, D. T. Colbert, G. E. Scuseria, D. Tomanek, J. E. Fischer, and R. E. Smalley, Science, 273–483 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  12. The relative yields for the Group III and representative rare-earths were obtained from graphite rods separately packed with a mixture consisting of a given metal oxide (A2O3), scandium oxide (Sc2O3), cobalt oxide CoO, and powdered graphite. In all cases, the rods contained 2% of scandium metal (by mass) and 3% metal A. For example, for the Sc/Y data the rods contained Y2O3 (1189 mg) Sc2O3 (484 mg) CoO (180 mg) and C graphite (1000 mg). The packed rods were subsequently vaporized in a Krätschmer-Huffman generator. The NI-DCI mass spectra for the carbon disulfide soluble extract was obtained and the yields were referenced relative to Sc3@C84 (Figure 2) or Sc3N@C68 (Figure 3).

    Google Scholar 

  13. T. Akasaka et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 36, 1643–1645 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. H. Huang and S. J. Yang, Phys. Chem. 101, 10196 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  15. D. Sun, Z. Liu, X. Guo, W. Xu, and S. Lin, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 3927 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. P. Strange, A. Suane, W. W. Temmeuman, Z. Szotet, and H. Winter, Nature 399, 756 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. K. Kobayashi and S. Nagase, Chem. Phys. Lett. 262, 227–232 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. K. Kobayashi, S. Nagase, and T. Akasaka, Chem. Phys. Lett. 261, 502–506 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. K. Kobayashi and S. Nagase, Chem. Phys. Lett. 282, 325 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Takata, E. Nishibori, B. Umeda, M. Saketa, E. Yamatoto, and H. Shinohara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 330 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Takata, E. Nishibori, M. Sakata, M. Inakuma, E. Yamamoto, and H. Shinohara, Physical Review Letters 83, 2214 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A. L. Balch and M. M. Olmstead, Chem. Rev. 98, 2123 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Aihara, Chem. Phys. Lett. 343, 465–469 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. C. R. Wang T. Kai, T. Tomiyama, T. Yoshida, Y. Kobayashi, E. Nishibori, M. Takata, M. Sakata, and H. Shinohara, Nature 408, 426–427 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. R. M. MacFarlane, D. S. Bethune, S. Stevenson, and H. C. Dorn, Chem. Phys. Lett. 343, 229–234 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. P. Jakes and K. P. Dinse, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 8854 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. K. Kobayashi, Y. Sano, and S. Nagase, J. of Computational Chemistry 22, 1353 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dorn, H.C., Iezzi, E.B., Stevenson, S., Balch, A.L., Dunchamp, J.C. (2002). Trimetallic Nitride Template (TNT) Endohedral Metallofullerenes. In: Akasaka, T., Nagase, S. (eds) Endofullerenes. Developments in Fullerene Science, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9938-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9938-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-6159-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9938-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics