Abstract
The nitrogen oxides, nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), are collectively known as NOX and play an important role in regulating atmospheric chemistry in the troposphere. On a global scale, natural sources (c. 20 Tg N year−1) and anthropogenic sources (c. 30 Tg N year−1) of NOX contribute similar proportions of the total of ca. 40–50 Tg N year−1, mostly at or close to the earth’s surface (Lee et al. 1997; Olivier et al. 1998). Most primary emissions from combustion occur as NO, with conversion to NO2 through reaction with ozone (O3). A small proportion of NO2 is also emitted directly from combustion sources, probably by reaction of NO with molecular oxygen (O2). This reaction is only important at high NO concentrations, as the reaction rate is proportional to the square of the NO concentration, and plays no significant role except in highly polluted urban air with (NO) ≥ 1 ppm (parts in 106 by volume).
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Cape, J.N. (2002). Nitrogen oxides. In: Gasche, R., Papen, H., Rennenberg, H. (eds) Trace Gas Exchange in Forest Ecosystems. Tree Physiology, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9856-9_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9856-9_13
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