Abstract
The effects of nitrogen sources and vitamin B12 on cell growth and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 ω-3) content of Crypthecodinium cohnii ATCC 30556 were investigated. Among the three nitrogen sources (tryptone, yeast extract and corn steep liquor) used, tryptone was the best nitrogen source for C. cohnii. The highest specific growth rate (0.087 h-1) and DHA content (64.34% of total fatty acids) were achieved at a tryptone concentration of 1 g/l. Vitamin B12 was not an essential nutrient for the growth of C. cohnii. However, an addition of vitamin B12 to the medium exhibited stimulating effect on the growth of the alga as reflected by a higher specific growth rate and a higher biomass concentration. The highest biomass concentration (2.48 g/l) was obtained at a vitamin B12 concentration of 0.75 µg/l. The results suggest that nitrogen source should be properly selected and vitamin B12 should be added in the defined artificial medium for the optimal production of DHA by C. cohnii.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Boswell, K., Koskelo, E.K., Carl, L., Glaza, S., Hensen, D.J., Williams, K.D. and Kyle, D.J. (1996) Preclinical evaluation of single-cell oils that are highly enriched with arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Food Chem. Toxicol. 34, 585–593.
Cattell, S.A. (1969) Dinoflagellate and vitamin B12 in the Strait of Georgia British Columbia. PhD thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Chen, F. and Johns, M.R. (1991) Effect of C/N ratio and aeration on the fatty acid composition of heterotrophic Chlorella sorokiniana. J. Appl. Phycol. 3, 203–209.
Chen, F. and Johns, M.R. (1996) Relationship between substrate inhibition and maintenance energy of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the heterotrophic culture. J. Appl. Phycol. 8, 15–19.
Cohen, Z., Vonshak, A. and Richmond, A. (1988) Effect of environmental conditions on the fatty acid composition of the red alga Porphyridium cruentum: correlation to growth rate. J. Phycol. 24, 328–332.
de Swaaf, M.E., de Rijk, T.C., Eggink, G. and Sijtsma, L. (1999) Optimisation of docosahexaenoic acid production in batch cultivations by Crypthecodinium cohnii. J. Biotechnol. 70, 185–192.
Droop, M.R. (1962) Organic micronutrients, in R.A. Lewin (ed.), Physiology and Biochemistry of Algae, Academic Press, New York, pp 141–159.
Droop, M.R. (1968) Vitamin B12 and marine ecology, IV. The kinetics of uptake, growth and inhibition in Monchrysis lutheri. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 48, 689–733.
Fabregas, J., Abalde, J., Cabezas, J. and Herrero, C. (1989) Changes in protein, carbohydrates and gross energy in the marine mciroalga Dunaliella tertiolecta (Butcher) by nitrogen concentrations as nitrate, nitrite and urea. Aquat. Eng. 8, 223–229.
Fidalgo, J.P., Cid, A., Torres, E., Sukenik, A. and Herrero, C. (1998) Effects of nitrogen source and growth phase on proximate biochemical composition, lipid classes and fatty acid profile of the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana. Aquaculture 166, 105–116.
Fries, L. (1993) Vitamin B12 heterotrophy in Fucus spiralis and Ascophyllum nodosum (Fucales, Phaeophyta) in axenic cultures. Bot. Mar. 36, 5–7.
Gill, I. and Valivety, R. (1997) Polyunsaturated fatty acids, part I: Occurrence, biological activities and applications. Trends Biotechnol. 15, 40 1–409.
Gold, K. and Baren, C.F. (1966) Growth requirements of Gyrodinium cohnii. J. Protozool. 13, 255–257.
Guillard, R.R.L. and Keller, M.D. (1984) Culturing Dinotlagellate, in D.L. Spector (ed.), Dinoflagellate, Academic Press, London, pp. 391–442.
Henderson, R.J., Leftley, J.W. and Sargent, J.R. (1988) Lipid composition and biosynthesis in the marine dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. Phytochem. 27, 1679–1683.
Jiang, Y. and Chen, F. and Liang, S.Z. (1999) Production potential of docosahexaenoic acid by the heterotrophic marine dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. Process Biochem. 34, 633–637.
Li, H.B., Chen, F. and Jiang, Y. (2000) Determination of vitamin B12 in multivitamin tablets and fermentation medium by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. A 891, 243–247.
Moschopoulou, N. and Ignatiades, L. (1994) Field and bioassay studies on the vitamin B12-phytoplankton-nutrient relationships. Bot. Mar. 37, 341–346.
Provasoli, L. and Carlucci, A.F. (1974) Vitamins and growth regulators, in W.D.P. Stewart (ed.), Algal Physiology and Biochemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 741–787.
Roessler, P.G. (1990) Environmental control of glycerolipid metabolism in microalgae: commercial implications and future research directions. J. Phycol. 26, 393–399.
Shi, X.M., Chen, F., Yuan, J.P. and Chen, H. (1997) Heterotrophic production of lutein by selected Chlorella strains. J. Appl. Phycol. 9, 445–450.
Simon, J.A., Hodgkins, M.L. and Browner, W.S. (1996) Serum fatty acids and the risk of coronary heart disease. Am. J. Epidemiol. 143, 969–969.
Singh, A. and Ward, O.P. (1997) Microbial production of docosahexaenoic acid. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 45, 271–312.
Swift, D.G. (1980) Vitamins and phytoplankton growth, in I. Morris (ed.), The Physiological Ecology of Phytoplankton, Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Oxford, pp. 329–368.
Vazhappilly, R. and Chen, F. (1998) Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid production potential of microalgae and their heterotrophic gowth. J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc. 75, 393–397.
Wang, C.S. (1995) Lipids, in T. Briggs and A.M. Chandler (eds.), Biochemistry, Springer-Verlag Inc., New York, pp. 113–130.
Watanabe, F., Nakano, Y. and Stupperich, E. (1992) Different corrinoid specificities for cell gowth and cobalamin uptake system in Euglena gracilis z. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138, 1807–1813.
Yokochi, T., Honda, D., Higashihara, T. and Nakahara, T. (1998) Optimization of docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium limacinum SR21. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 49, 72–76.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jiang, Y., Chen, F., Li, H.B. (2001). Effects of Nitrogen Source and Vitamin B12 on Docosahexaenoic Acid Production by Crypthecodinium Cohnii . In: Chen, F., Jiang, Y. (eds) Algae and their Biotechnological Potential. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9835-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9835-4_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5886-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9835-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive