Abstract
The field of cardiac electrophysiology is barely thirty years old. From its inception, the understanding of cardiac arrhythmias was predicated upon the use of intracardiac electrograms recorded from the endocardial surface of the human heart with electrode catheters manipulated with the assistance of fluoroscopic equipment.1 Although catheter materials, designs and the recent addition of steerability have gradually evolved and improved, the basic design of the electrodes used for electrogram recording has remained constant. Essentially, metal bands or ′ ‘rings’ attached to the surface of cardiac catheters have been used to record bipolar electrograms either between two rings (bipolar signals) or between a ring and a remote electrode (unipolar signals).
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© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Goldreyer, B.N. (2001). Utility of Orthogonal Electrodes in Radiofrequency Ablation. In: Liem, L.B., Downar, E. (eds) Progress in Catheter Ablation. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 241. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9791-3_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9791-3_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
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