Skip to main content

Photoablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias

Past Results and Future Applications to Ventricular and Other Arrhythmias

  • Chapter
Progress in Catheter Ablation

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 241))

  • 114 Accesses

Abstract

Ablation of cardiac arrhythmias began originally as a joint venture between cardiac surgeons and electrophysiologists. The demise of electrophysiologic surgery for arrhythmias associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, AV nodal re-entry, atrial flutter, and for the creation of AV block began with DC shock ablation and reached its peak with radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation. In contrast, the demise of primary surgery for post-infarction ventricular tachycardia (PIVT) was not the result of catheter ablation techniques, but the development and widespread use of implantable devices. The mortality, morbidity and recurrence rates following PIVT surgery, while improving over time, could not compete with the extremely low morbidity and mortality associated with AICD implants, particularly the newer systems who’s implantations are not dissimilar from a pacemaker implant. Furthermore, with the availability of current devices, it is difficult to accept even a low, but potentially fatal recurrence rate following PIVT surgery, while an AICD could guarantee survival.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Sears JR, Samuel F., Conti JB, Curtis AB, Saia T, Foote R, Wen F. Affective Distress and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: Cases for psychological and behavioral interventions. PACE 1999;22:1831–1834.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Svenson RH, Gallagher JJ, Selle JG, et al. Neodymium YAG laser photocoagulation: A successful new map-guided technique for the intraoperative ablation of ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 1987;76:1319–1328.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Svenson RH, Littmann L, Gallagher JJ, Seile JG, Zimmern SH, Fedor JM, Colavita PG. Termination of ventricular tachycardia with epicardial laser photocoagulation: A clinical comparison with patients undergoing successful endocardial photocoagulation alone. J Amer Coll Cardiol 1990;15:163–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Littmann L, Svenson RH, Gallagher JJ, Selle JG, Zimmern SH, Fedor JM, Colavita PG. Functional role of the epicardium in postinfarction ventricular tachycardia: observations derived from computerized epicardial activation mapping, entrainment, and epicardial laser photoablation. Circulation 1991;83:1577–1591.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Svenson RH, Littmann L, Splinter R, Selle JG, Gallagher JJ, Tatsis GP, Linder KD, Seifert KT. Application of lasers from arrhythmia ablation. In: Cardiac Electrophysiology; From Cell to Bedside. Zipes, D.P., Jalife, J. (eds) Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kaltenbrunner W, Cardinal R, Dubuc M, et al: Epicardial and endocardial mapping of ventricular tachycardia in patients with myocardial infarction. Is the origin of the tachycardia always sub-endocardially localized? Circulation 1991;84:1058–1065.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lacroix D, Flug D, LeFranc P, et al. Intraoperative computerized mapping of ventricular tachycardia; differences between anterior and inferior myocardial infarctions. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1996;19(2):628.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Pfeiffer D, Moosdorf R, Svenson R, et al. Epicardial Neodymium:YAG laser photocoagulation of ventricular tachycardia without ventriculotomy in patients after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1996;94:3221–3225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Moosdorf R, Pfeiffer D, Sneider C, et al: Intraoperative laser photocoagulation of ventricular tachycardia. Am Heart J 1994;127:1133–1138.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. DeBakker J, Coronel R, Tasserion S, et al. Ventricular tachycardia in the infarcted Langendorff-perfused human heart: role of arrangement of surviving cardiac fibers. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:1594–1607.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. DeBakker JMT, van Capelle FJL, Janse MJ, et al. Reentry as a cause of ventricular tachycardia in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease: electrophysiolgic and anatomic correlation. Circulation 1988;77:589–606.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. De Bakker JMT, van Capelle FJL, Janse MJ, et al. Reentry as a cause of ventricular tachycardia in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease: Electrophysiologic and anatomic correlation. Circulation 1988;77:589–606.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Borggrefe M, Willems S, Chen X, et al. Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia using radiofrequency current. HERZ 1992;17:171–178.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Stevenson WG, Khan H, Sager P, et al. Identification of reentry circuit sites during catheter mapping and radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia late after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1993;88:1647–1670.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Stevenson WG, Sager PT, Natterson PD, Saxon LA, Middlekauff HR, Wiener I. Relation of Pace Mapping QRS Configuration and Conduction Delay to Ventricular Tachycardia Reentry Circuits in Human Infarct Scars. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:481–488.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Morady F, Harvey M, Kalbfleisch SJ, et al. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 1993;87:363–372.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gonsak B-E, Cao K, Schauman A, et al. Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in 136 patients with coronary artery disease. Results and long-term follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;24:1056–1514.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Stevenson W. Ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction: From arrhythmias surgery to catheter ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1995; 6:942–950.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Svenson RH, Littmann L, Gallagher JJ, Selle J, Zimmern S, Fedor J, Marroum M-C, Seifert K, Tatsis GP, Linder K. Laser modification of the myocardium for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias: Background, current results, and future possibilities. From: Lasers in Cardiopulmonary Medicine and Surgery. Abela G. (eds). Kluwer, Boston, Massachusetts, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Svenson R, Selle J, Littmann L, Gallagher J, Colavita P, Zimmern S, Fedor J, Wu G. Long-term arrhythmia outcome following intraoperative photoablation of ventricular tachycardia. PACE 1996; 19:627.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Svenson RH, Gallagher JJ, Zimmern SH, Fedor J, Harbold N, Elliott C, Hall D, Austin K, Thomley A, Wilson BH, Selle J. Intraoperative Nd.YAG laser photocoagulative ablation of ventricular tachycardia: observations relevant to transcatheter ablation techniques. J Amer Coll Cardiol 1987;9:249A.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Svenson, RH, Littmann L, Linder K, Tatsis GP, Splinter R, Seifert K, Marroum M-C, Chuang CH. Myocardial Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation as a function of irradiated surface area: method for reaching deep arrhythmogenic foci. Lasers Surg Med 1989;9:10.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Splinter R, Littmann L, Svenson RH, Brucker G, Tuntelder JR, Thompson M, Chuang CH, Tatsis GP. Epicardial ther-mography during in-vivo endocardial laser photocoagulation. Lasers Surg Med 1992;4:19–20.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Svenson RH, Littmann L, Splinter R, Tatsis GP, Chuang CH. Current status of lasers for arrhythmia ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1992;3:345–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Littmann L, Svenson RH, Brucker G, Splinter R, Chuang CH, Tuntelder JR, Dezern K, Thompson M, Tatsis GP. Percutaneous Neodymium: YAG laser photoablation of ventricular tachycardia: a canine feasibility study. Circulation 1992;86:1–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Littmann L, Svenson RH, Chuang CH, Splinter R, Kempler P, Norton HJ, Tuntelder JR, Thompson M, Tatsis GP. Neodymium:YAG contact laser photocoagulation of the in vivo canine epicardium: dosimetry, effects of various lasing methods, and histology. Lasers Surg Med 1993;13:158–167.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Littmann L, Svenson RH, Brucker G, Chuang CH, Splinter R, Dezer K, Tuntelder JR, Thompson M, Tatsis GP. Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of transcatheter radiofrequency ablation and contact Neodymium:YAG laser photoablation of the left ventricular endocardium in dogs. PACE 1993;16:859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Vincent A, Fox J, Benedict B, et al. Laser catheter ablation of simulated ventricular tachycardia. Lasers Surg Med 1987;7:421–425.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Vincent A, Fox J, Knowlton K, et al. Catheter directed Neodymium:YAG laser injury of the left ventricle for arrhythmia ablation; dosimetry and hemodynamic, hematologic and electrophysiologic effects. Laser Sur Med 1989;9:446–453.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Weber H, Enders S, Keiditisch E. Percutaneous Nd:YAG laser coagulation of ventricular myocardium in dogs using a special electrode laser catheter. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1989;12:6, 899–910.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Weber HP, Heinze A, Enders S, Ruprecht L, Unsold E. Laser catheter coagulation of normal and scarred ventricular myocardium in dogs. Laser Surg Med 1998;22:109–119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Svenson, R., Colavita, P., Zimmern, S., Gallagher, J., Fedor, J., Littmann, L., Brucker, G. Laser catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia: a human feasibility study. PACE 1996;19:611.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Weber HP, Kaltenbrunner W, Heinze A, Steinbach K. Laser catheter coagulation of atrial myocardium for ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. First clinical experience (see comments) Eur Heart J 1997; 18:3,487–495, Mar.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Weber HP, Heinze A. Laser catheter ablation of atrial flutter and of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in a single session. Eur Heart J 1994;15:8,1147–1149.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Splinter R, Semenov SY, Nanney G, Littmann L, Tuntelder JR, Chuang CH, Svenson RH, Tatsis GP. Myocardial heat distribution under cw Nd:YAG laser irradiation in vitro and in vivo situations: theory and experiment. Appl Optics 1995;3:391–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Splinter R, Semenov SY, Nanney G, Littmann L, Tuntelder JR, Chuang CH, Svenson RH, Tatsis GP. Rate dependency of myocardial temperature distribution under cw Nd:YAG laser irradiation in vivo situations: practice and theory. Laser Surg Med 1994;6:4.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Splinter R, Littmann L, Keijzer M, Tuntelder JR, Chuang CH, Thompson M, Svenson RH, Tatis GP. Predicting cw Nd:YAG photocoagulation lesion size in myocardium from Monte Carlo light simulations. Proc ASME, Advances in Biological Heat and Mass Transfer, HTD 189/BED 18:75–78, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Splinter R, Svenson RH, Littmann L, Tuntelder JR, Chuang CH, Tatsis GP, Thompson M. Optical properties of normal, diseased, and laser photocoagulated myocardium at the Nd:YAG wavelength. Lasers Surg Med 1991;11:117–124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Splinter R, Littmann L, Svenson RH, Keijzer M, Tuntelder JR, Chuang CH, Thompson M, Tatsis GP. Can cw Nd:YAG photocoagulation lesion dimensions in myocardium be predicted by Monte Carlo light propagation simulations? J Clin Eng 1992;17:409–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Splinter R, Svenson RH, Littmann L, Chuang CH, Tuntelder JR, Thompson M, Tatsis GP, Keijzer M. Computer simulated light distributions in myocardial tissues at the Nd:YAG wavelength of 1064 nm. Lasers Med Sci 1993;8:15–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Svenson RH, Splinter R, Littmann L, Chuang CH, Tuntelder JR, Thompson M, Dezern KR, Tatsis GP, Raja MYA. Low power density vs. high power density photocoagulation of ventricular myocardium for cardiac arrhythmias. Observations supporting non-linear tissue optics. IEEE Engineering Med Biol 1992;2: 318–129.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Splinter R, Svenson RH, Littmann L, Chuang CH, Tuntelder JR, Thompson M, Dezern KR, Tatsis GP, Raja MYA. Non-linear optical phenomena in contact fiber laser-photocoagulation of myocardium. IEEE Engineering Med Biol 1992;2: 316–317.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Splinter R, Raja MYA, Svenson RH, Anomalous optical behavior of biological media: modifying the optical window of myocardial tissues. Proc SPIE 1996;2671:125–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Splinter R, Svenson RH, Littmann L, Brucker GG, Chuang CH, Tuntelder JR, Dezern KR, Thompson M, Nanney GA, Tatsis GP. Myocardial temperatures during in vivo endocardial Nd:YAG laser irradiation. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1995;13:61–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Splinter R, Littmann L, Marroum MD, Svenson RH, Tuntelder JR, Chuang CH, Tatsis GP, Thompson M. Optical changes in myocardial tissue due to cw Nd:YAG irradiation. Proc IEEE 1990;12:1113–1114.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Splinter R, Raja MYA, Svenson RH. Laser induced light guides in tissue under high irradiance. Lasers Surg Med 1997;Suppl 9:2.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hindricks G, Haverkamp W, Gulker H, Kramer T, Russel U, Teutemacher H, Borggrefe M, Breithardt G. Perkutane endokardiale Nd-Y AG-Laserapplikation: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Ablation ventrikulren Myokards. Z Kardiol 1991;80:673–680.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Weber HP, Heinze A, Enders S, Ruprecht L, Unsold E. Laser versus radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular myocardium in dogs: A comparative test. Cardiology 1997;88:4,346–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Weber HP, Heinze A, Enders S, Ruprecht L, Unsold E, Catheter-directed laser coagulation of atrial myocardium in dogs., Eur Heart J 1994; 15: 7, 971–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Littmann L, Svenson RH, Gallagher JJ, Bharati S, Lev M, Linder KD, Tatsis GP, Nichelson C. Modification of sinus node function by epicardial laser irradiation in dogs. Circulation 1990;81:350–359.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Littmann L, Svenson RH, Tomcsanyi I, Hehrlein C, Gallagher JJ, Bharati S, Lev M, Splinter R, Tatsis GP, Tuntelder JR. Modification of atrioventricular nodal transmission properties by intraoperative neodymium: YAG laser photocoagulation in dogs. J Amer Coll Cardiol 1991;17:797–804.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Obelienius V, Knepa A, Ambartzumian R, Markin E, Koshelev E, Transvenous ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system by laser irradiation under endoscopic control. Lasers Surg Med 1985;5:469–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Littmann L, Svenson RH, Chuang CH, Bharati S, Lev M, Kempler P, Splinter R, Tuntelder JR, Tatsis GP. Selective elimination of retrograde conduction by intraoperative Neodymium:YAG laser photocoagulation in dogs. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:523–530.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Littmann L, Svenson RH, Chuang CH, Kempler P, Splinter R, Tuntelder JR, Tatsis GP. Catheterization technique for laser photoablation of atrioventricular conduction from the aortic root in dogs. PACE 1993;16:401–406.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Weber HP, Heinze A, Enders S, Ruprecht L, Unsold E, Mapping guided laser catheter ablation of the atrioventricular conduction in dogs. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1996;19:176–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Ware DL, Boor P, Yang CJ, Gowda A, Grady JJ, Montamedi. Slow intramural heating with diffused laser light — A unique method for deep myocardial coagulation. Circulation 1999;99:1630–1636.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Sosa E, Scanavacca M, D’Avila A, Piccioni J, Sanchez O, Velarde JL, Silva M, Reolao B, Endocardial and epicardial ablation guided by nonsurgical transthoracic epicardial mapping to treat recurrent ventricular tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1998;9:229–239.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. d’Avila A, Splinter R, Scanavacca M, Svenson R, Sosa E, Ramirez, JAF. Laser Irradiation of Chagasic Heart. Feasibility study on the potential for deep laser photocoagulation in chagasic hearts with diffuse myocardial damage. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, (submitted for publication).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Svenson R, Splinter R, Moosdorf R, Selle J, Kassell J. Regional atrial electrical isolation. Lines of block created by laser photocoagulation: A possible intraoperative approach to atrial fibrillation. PACE 1999;22: 774.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Petersen HH, Chen X, Pietersen A, Svendsen JH, Haunso S. Tissue temperatures and lesion size during irrigated tip catheter radiofrequeny ablation: An in vitro comparison of temperature controlled irrigated tip ablation, power-controlled irrigated tip ablation, and standard temperature-controlled ablation. PACE 2000;23:8–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Svenson, R.H., Splinter, R., Littmann, L., Tatsis, G.P. (2001). Photoablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias. In: Liem, L.B., Downar, E. (eds) Progress in Catheter Ablation. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 241. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9791-3_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9791-3_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5882-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9791-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics