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A Precautionary Approach to Endocrine Disrupters

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Endocrine Disrupters

Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Technology Library ((ENST,volume 18))

Summary

This chapter concludes the contributions provided in these proceedings. Current understanding of the health effects of endocrine disrupters on humans does not provide proof. However, it strongly suggests that endocrine disrupters are causing important adverse health effects including reduced sperm counts, increases in congenital malformations (cryptorchidism, hypospadias), an increase in testicular cancer, and altered immune responses, to list some of them. At the same time, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the testing and monitoring methods which will lead to improved risk assessment.

Apart from the European Chlorine Industry, which does not accept the endocrine disrupters hypothesis and has funded research programmes to elucidate the topic, the WHO, the EU, US EPA and various NGOs recognise the importance of the issue and consider that it is necessary to develop a strategy to face it. Although some measures have been already taken, they are not enough. It must be emphasised that the strategies and policies that are implemented must be accelerated and international co-operation in future research and actions is necessary. The education of stakeholders will raise awareness concerning the problem and may provide new ideas through the interaction of different groups. Decision-makers should take urgent action based on the precautionary principle, before additional and possibly irreversible adverse effects on humans or wildlife occur.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, National and Capodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 75, Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece

    P. Nicolopoulou-Stamati & M. A. Pitsos

  2. Human Ecology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussel, Belgium

    L. Hens

  3. Fetal and Infant Toxico-Pathology, University of Liverpool, Mulberry Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK

    C. V. Howard

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  1. P. Nicolopoulou-Stamati
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  2. M. A. Pitsos
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  3. L. Hens
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  4. C. V. Howard
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical School, Department of Pathology, National and Capodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece

    Polyxeni Nicolopoulou-Stamati (ASPIS Project Co-ordinator) (ASPIS Project Co-ordinator)

  2. Human Ecology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussel, Belgium

    Luc Hens

  3. Fetal and Infant Toxico-Pathology, University of Liverpool, Mulberry Street, L69 7ZA, Liverpool, UK

    C. V. Howard

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Nicolopoulou-Stamati, P., Pitsos, M.A., Hens, L., Howard, C.V. (2001). A Precautionary Approach to Endocrine Disrupters. In: Nicolopoulou-Stamati, P., Hens, L., Howard, C.V. (eds) Endocrine Disrupters. Environmental Science and Technology Library, vol 18. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9769-2_15

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