Abstract
Evidence is presented which suggests that the mechanisms of brittle compressive failure of ice are independent of spatial scale.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ashby, M.F. and Hallam, S.D. 1986. The failure of brittle solids containing small cracks under compressive stress states. Acta Metall. 34: 497–510.
Bazant, Z.P. 1992. Large-scale thermal bending fractures of sea ice plates. J. Geophys. Res. 97: 17739–17751.
Bilham, R., and Williams, P. 1985. Sawtooth segmentation and deformation processes on the southern San Andreas fault. Geophys. Res. Letts. 68: 3939–3953.
Brace, W.F., and Bombolakis, E.G. 1963. A note of brittle crack growth in compression. J. Geophys. Res. 68: 3709.
Cannon, N.P., Schulson, E.M., Smith, T.R., and Frost, H.J. 1990. Wing cracks and brittle compressive fracture. Acta metall. mater. 38: 1955–1962.
Conrad, R.E., II and Friedman, M. 1976. Microscopic feather fractures in the faulting process. Tectonophysics :33: 187–198.
Coon, M.D., Knoke, G.S., Echert, D.C. and Pritchard, R.S. 1989. The architecture of an anisotropic elastic-plastic sea ice mechanics constitutive law. J. Geophys. Res. 103: 21915–21925.
Cruikshank, K.M., Zhao, G., et al. 1991. Analysis of minor fractures associated with joints and faulted joints. J. Structural Geology 13: 865–886.
Davies, R.K. and Pollard, D.D. 1986. Relations between left-laterial strike-slip faults and right-lateral kink bands in granodiorite, Mt. Abbot Quadrangle, Sierra Nevada, California. Pure and Applied Geophysics 124: 177–201.
Dempsey, J.P. Scale effects on the fracture of ice. The Johannes Weertman Symposium, 351–361. The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Anaheim, California.
Erlingsson, B. 1988. Two-dimensional deformation patterns in sea ice. J. Glaciology 34: 301–308.
Gottschalk, R.R., Kronenberg, A. K., Russel, J.E. and Handin, J. 1990. Mechanical anisotropy of gniess: Failure criterion and textural sources of directional behavior. J. Geophys. Res. 95: 613–621.
Granier, T. 1985. Origin, damping and pattern development of faults in granite. Tectonics 4: 721–737.
Gratz, E.T. and Schulson, E.M. 1997. Brittle failure of columnar saline ice under triaxial compression. J. Geophys, Res. 102: 5091–5107.
Hibler, W.D. and Schulson, E.M. 2000. On modeling the anisotropic failure and flow of flawed sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. (in press).
Iliescu, D. 2000. Contributions to brittle compressive failure of ice, Ph.D. thesis, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College.
Ingraffea, A.R. 1981. Mixed-mode fracture initiation in Indiana limestone and Westerly granite. Proc. U.S. Symp. Rock Mechanics 22: 196–191.
King, G. and Yielding, G. 1984. The evolution of a thrust fault system: Processes of rupture initiation, propagation and termination in the 1980 El Asnam (Algeria) earthquake. Geophys. J.R. Astr. Soc. 77: 915–933.
Kwok, R.E., Cunningham, G.F., LaBelle-Hamer, N., Holt, B. and Rothrock, D. 1999. EOS, 494–497.
Kwok, R.E. and Sterns, H. 2000. personal communication.
Lockner, D.A., Byerlee, J.D., Kuksenko, V., Pnomarev, A. and Sidorin, A. 1991. Quasi-static fault growth and shear fracture energy in granite. Nature 350: 39–42.
Marko, J.R. and Thomson, R.E. 1977. Rectilinear leads and internal motions in the ice pack of the western Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 82: 979–987.
Martel, S.J., Pollard, D.D. and Segall, P. 1988. Development of simple strike-slip fault zones in granitic rock, Mount Abbott quadrangle, Sierra Nevada, California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 100: 1451–1465.
McClintock, F.A. and Walsh, J.B. Proceedings 4th U.S. Natn. Congr. Appl. Mech. Proceedings 4 th U.S. Natn. Congr. Appl. Mech. 1962, 1015. New York.
McNutt. 2000. personal communication.
Moore, D.E. and Lockner, D.A. 1995. The role of microcracking in shear-fracture propagation in granite. J. Structural Geology 17: 95–114.
Nemat-Nasser, S. and Horii, H. 1982. Compression-induced non-planar crack extension with application to splitting, exfoliation and rockburst. J. Geophys. Res. 87: 6805–6821.
Overland, J.E., Walter, B.A., Curtin, T.B. and Turet, P. 1995. Hierarchy and sea ice mechanics: a case study from the Beaufort Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 100: 4559–4571.
Overland, J.E., McNutt, S.L., Salo, S., Groves, J. and Li, S.S. 1998. Arctic sea ice as a granular plastic. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 103: 21845–21867.
Reches, Z. and Lockner, D.A. 1994. Nucleation and growth of faults in brittle rocks. J. Geophys. Res. 99: 18159–18173.
Richter-Menge, J.A. and Elder, B.C. 1998. Characteristics of pack ice stress in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 103: 21817–21829.
Rispoli, R. 1981. Stress fields about strike-slip faults from stylolites and tension gashes. Tectonophysics 75: T29–T36.
Rudnicki, J.W. and Rice, J.R. 1975. Conditions for the localization of deformation in pressuresensitive dilatant materials. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 23: 371–394.
Schulson, E.M. 2001a. Brittle failure of ice. Eng. Fracture Mechanics (in press).
Schulson, E.M. 2001b. Compressive shear faulting in ice: Coulombic vs. plastic faults (submitted to Phil. Mag.).
Schulson, E.M. 1990. The brittle compressive fracture of ice. Acta metall. mater. 38: 1963–1976.
Schulson, E.M. 1996. The failure of ice under compression. TMS Annual Meeting, Weertman Symposium, 363–374. Feb. 5–9, 1996 in Annaheim, California.
Schulson, E.M. and Hibler, W.D. 1991. The fracture of ice on scales large and small: Arctic leads and wing cracks. J. Glaciology 37: 319–323.
Schulson, E.M., Iliescu, D. and Renshaw, C.E. 1999. On the initiation of shear faults during brittle compressive failure: A new mechanism. J. Geophys. Res. 104: 695–705.
Schulson, E.M., Kuehn, G.A., Jones, D.E. and Fifolt, D.A. 1991. The growth of wing cracks and the brittle compressive failure of ice. Acta met. et mater. 39: 2651–2655.
Schulson, E.M. and Nickolayev, O.Y. 1995. Failure of columnar saline ice under biaxial compression: failure envelopes and the brittle-to-ductile transition. J. Geophys. Res. 100: 22383–22400.
Segall, P. and Pollard, D.D. 1983. Nucleation and growth of strike-slip faults in granite. J. Geophys. Res. 88: 555–568.
Smith, T.R. and Schulson, E.M. 1994. Brittle compressive failure of salt-water columnar ice under biaxial loading. J. Glaciology 40: 265–276.
Stern, H. 2000. personal communication.
Tucker, W.B. and Perovich, D.K. 1992. Stress measurements in drifting pack ice. Cold Regions Science and Technology 20: 119–139.
VanGeel, E. 1998. Concrete Behaviour in Multiaxial Compression: Experimental Research, Tehnische Universiteit Engdhoven, Ontwerpen.
VanMier, J. 1984. Strain softening of concrete under multiaxial loading conditions, Ph.D. thesis, Eindhaven University of Technology.
Weiss, J. 2001. Fracture and fragmentation of ice: a fractal analysis of scale invariance. Engineering Fracture Mechanics (in press).
Wong, T.-F. 1982. Micromechanics of faulting in Westerly Granite. Int. J. Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 19: 49–64.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Schulson, E.M. (2001). Fracture of Ice on Scales Large and Small. In: Dempsey, J.P., Shen, H.H. (eds) IUTAM Symposium on Scaling Laws in Ice Mechanics and Ice Dynamics. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 94. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9735-7_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9735-7_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5890-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9735-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive