Abstract
There is growing evidence that a significant number of the rapidly rotating Be stars were spun up through mass transfer in massive close binary stars. We observe Be stars in several kinds of binaries predicted by theory: (1) Be + a cool, Roche-filling companion (so-called “hot Algols”), (2) Be + He star (the stripped down core of the mass donor), and (3) Be + neutron star (Be X-ray binaries). There are no known examples of Be + white dwarf binaries (although EUVE observations of the system λ Sco may have revealed the first rapidly rotating B star + white dwarf binary). Here I review the observational data on Be stars in binaries for comparison with model predictions. Because the detection of hot, faint (He star and white dwarf) companions is so difficult, we still cannot estimate accurately the fraction of such systems among the Be star population. Thus, the actual percentage of Be stars formed by binary mass transfer processes remains unknown.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abt, H. A. 1987, in Physics of Be stars, ed. A. Slettebak & T. P. Snow ( Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. ), 470
Abt, H. A., & Cardona, O. 1984, ApJ, 285, 190
Baade, D. 1992, in Evolutionary Processes in Interacting Binary Stars, ed. Y. Kondo, R. Sistero, & R. S. Polidan ( Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic ), 147
Baade, D. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 178
Bagnuolo, W. G., Jr., Gies, D. R., Hahula, M. E., Wiemker, R., & Wiggs, M. S. 1994, ApJ, 423, 446
Balona, L. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 1
Berger, D. H., &Gies, D. R. 2001, ApJ, in press
Berghöfer, T. W., Vennes, S., & Dupuis, J. 2000, ApJ, 538, 854
Bjorkman, J. E. 2000b, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 435
Bjorkman, J. E., & Cassinelli, J. P. 1993, ApJ, 409, 429
Bjorkman, K. S. 2000a, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 384
Bjorkman, K. S., Miroshnichenko, A. S., & Krugov, V. D. 2000, AAS Meeting 196, #05.03
Bozic, H., Harmanec, P., Horn, J., Koubskÿ, P., Scholz, G., McDavid, D., Hubert, A. M., & Hubert, H. 1995, A&A, 304, 235
Burleigh, M. R., & Barstow, M. A. 1999, A&A, 341, 795
Burleigh, M. R., Si Barstow, M. A. 2000, A&A, 359, 977
Chevalier, C. & Ilovaisky, S. A. 1998, A&A, 330, 201
Coe, M. J. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 656
De Mey, K., Aerts, C., Waelkens, C., Cranmer, S. R., Schrijvers, C., Telting, J. H., Daems, K., & Meeus, G. 1997, A&A, 324, 1096
Doazan, V., Franco, M., Sedmak, G., Stalio, R., & Rusconi, L. 1983, A&A, 128, 171
Dougherty, S. M., & Taylor, A. R. 1992, Nature, 359, 808
Etzel, P. B., & Olson, E. C. 1993, AJ, 106, 1200
Fabregat, J., Reig, P., & Otero, S. 2000, IAU Circ., 7461, 1
Fabregat, J., & Torrejón, J. M. 2000, A&A, 357, 451
Floquet, M., Hubert, A. M., Chauville, J., Chatzichristou, H., & Maillard, J.-P. 1989, A&A, 214, 295
Gies, D. R. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 668
Gies, D. R., Bagnuolo, W. G., Jr., Ferrara, E. C., Kaye, A. B., Thaller, M. L., Penny, L. R., & Peters, G. J. 1998, ApJ, 493, 440
Be stars: Single and Binary Components 109
Hanuschik, R. W. 1996, A&A, 308, 170
Harmanec, P. 1987, in Physics of Be Stars, ed. A. Slettebak & T. P. Snow ( Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. ), 339
Harmanec, P. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 13
Harmanec, P., et al. 2000, A&A, in press
Hartkopf, W. I., Mason, B. D., & McAlister, H. A. 1996, AJ, 111, 370
Heger, A., & Langer, N. 2000, ApJ, 544, 1016
Hummel, W. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 396
Jaschek, M., Slettebak, A., & Jaschek, C. 1981, Be Star Newsletter, 4, 9
Kriz, S., & Harmanec, P. 1975, Bull. Astr. Inst. Cz., 26, 65
Lipunov, V. M., Postnov, K. A., & Prokhorov, M. E. 1996, A&A, 310, 489
Maeder, A., Grebel, E. K., & Mermilliod, J.-C. 1999, A&A, 346, 459
Mason, B. D., ten Brummelaar, T., Gies, D. R., Hartkopf, W. I., Thaller, M. L. 1997, AJ, 114, 2112
Mermilliod, J.-C. 1982, A&A, 109, 48
Meurs, E. J. A., et al. 1992, A&A, 265, L41
Meynet, G., & Maeder, A. 2000, A&A, 361, 101
Negueruela, I. 1998, A&A, 338, 505
Nelemans, G., Tauris, T. M., & van den Heuvel, E. P. J. 1999, A&A, 352, L87
Owocki, S. P., Cranmer, S. R., & Gayley, K. G. 1996, ApJ, 472, L115
Packet, W. 1981, A&A, 102, 17
Pols, O. R., Coté, J., Waters, L. B. F. M., & Heise, J. 1991, A&A, 241, 419
Portegies Zwart, S. F. 1995, A&A, 296, 691
Quirrenbach, A., Buscher, D. F., Mozurkewich, D., Hummel, C. A., & Armstrong, J. T. 1994, A&A, 283, L13
Quirrenbach, A., et al. 1997, ApJ, 479, 477
Raguzova, N. V. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 693
Rappaport, S. A., & van den Heuvel, E. P. J. 1982, in Be Stars, ed. M. Jaschek & H. G. Groth ( Dordrecht: Reidel ), 327
Rinehart, S. A. 2000, MNRAS, 312, 429
Rivinius, Th., Baade, D., Stefl, S., Stahl, O., Wolf, B., & Kaufer, A. 1998, Be Star Newsletter, 33, 15
Rivinius, Th, & gtefl, S. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type
Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat (San Francisco: A.S.P.), 581
Schönberner, D., & Harmanec, P. 1995, A&A, 294, 509
Simon, V. 1999, A&AS, 134, 1
Slettebak, A. 1979, Space Sci. Rev., 23, 541
Slettebak, A. 1988, PASP, 100, 770
Smith, M. A. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 292
Stee, P. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 129
Struve, 0. 1931, ApJ, 73, 94
Tarasov, A. E. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 644
Telting, J. H. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 422
Telting, J. H., Waters, L. B. F. M., Roche, P., Boogert, A. C. A., Clark, J. S., de Martino, D., & Persi, P. 1998, MNRAS, 296, 785
Van Bever, J., & Vanbeveren, D. 1997, A&A, 322, 116
Vanbeveren, D., Van Rensbergen, W., & De Loore, C. 1998, The Brightest Binaries ( Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic )
van den Heuvel, E. P. J., & Rappaport, S. A. 1987, in Physics of Be Stars, ed. A. Slettebak & T. P. Snow ( Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. ), 291
van der Linden, T. J. 1987, A&A, 178, 170
Vennes, S. 2000, A&A, 354, 995
Wang, Z., & Gies, D. R. 1998, PASP, 110, 1310
Waters, L. B. F. M. 1986, A&A, 162, 121
Waters, L. B. F. M., Coté, J., & Pols, O. R. 1991, A&A, 250, 437
Waters, L. B. F. M., Pols, O. R., Hogeveen, S. J., Coté, J., & van den Heuvel, E. P. J. 1989, A&A, 220, L1
Waters, L. B. F. M., et al. 2000, in The Be Phenomenon in Early-type Stars, IAU Colloquium 175, A.S.P. Conf. Series 214, ed. M. A. Smith, H. F. Henrichs, & J. Fabregat ( San Francisco: A.S.P. ), 145
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gies, D.R. (2001). Be Stars: Single and Binary Components. In: Vanbeveren, D. (eds) The Influence of Binaries on Stellar Population Studies. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 264. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9723-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9723-4_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5745-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9723-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive