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Species Responses to Climatic Variation and Land-use Change in Grasslands of Southern Switzerland

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Part of the book series: Tasks for vegetation science ((TAVS,volume 35))

Abstract

During a period of 10 years, from 1988 to 1997, we monitored the species composition in dry grasslands of high species richness at experimental sites in the ‘lower montane zone’ of the southern Alps in Switzerland. We examined responses of the abundant herb species to stochastic factors, abandoning, and mowing after abandonment. Although mowing was regularly continued at one meadow site half of the common species showed clear positive or negative frequency trends which are climatically explained. Succession after abandonment resulted in dominance of Brachypodium pinnatum and reduction in the number of species at two meadow sites. This process was also affected by spatial heterogeneity and stochastic factors. Resumed mowing in a meadow after 20 years of abandonment resulted in slow shifts of the species composition. Brachypodium dominance was unchanged and the establishment success of ‘meadow species’ was poor. This was not due to unfavourable site conditions but to limited availability of seeds. Seed limitation plays an important role in the dynamics of grasslands. From a conservation perspective this implies that maintenance of still existing meadows of high species richness should be given high priority. A better understanding of regeneration processes and a better knowledge of the regenerative characteristics of grassland herbs would be essential for making better predictions about responses of plant species to altered environmental factors in grasslands.

Kurzfassung

Während 10 Jahren, von 1988–1997, verfolgten wir in der unteren Montanstufe der Schweizer Südalpen die Artenzusammensetzung von artenreichen Halbtrockenrasen. In Feldversuchen untersuchten wir die Reaktionen der häufigen Wiesenpflanzen auf stochastische Faktoren, Vergandung und Mahd nach Vergandung. Die Hälfte aller häufigen Arten einer Wiesen-Versuchsfläche zeigte trotz regelmässig fortgesetzter Mahd bedeutende, klimatisch erklärbare Frequenz-Zunahmen oder Abnahmen. Auf zwei Wiesen-Versuchsflächen führte Vergandung zur Vorherrschaft von Brachypodium pinnatum und zu einem Rückgang der Anzahl der Arten. Dieser Prozess wurde durch räumliche Heterogenität und stochastische Faktoren wesentlich mitbeeinflusst. Die wiedereingeführte Mahd bewirkte in einer 20-jährigen Graslandbrache eine langsame Veränderung der Artenzusammensetzung, die Brachypodium-Vorherrschaft blieb unverändert, und der Etablierungserfolg von Wiesenarten war gering. Dies war nicht auf ungünstige Standortbedingungen zurückzuführen, sondern auf eine begrenzte Verfügbarkeit von Samen. Letztere spielt in der Graslanddynamik eine wichtige Rolle. Aus der Sicht des Naturschutzes sollte deshalb den noch existierenden artenreichen Wiesen eine hohe Priorität gegeben werden. Damit die Auswirkungen von veränderten Umweltfaktoren auf die Pflanzenarten in artenreicher Graslandvegetation besser vorausgesagt werden können, bedarf es eines besseren Verständnisses der Regenerationsprozesse und vollständiger Kenntnisse der regenerativen Eigenschaften der Graslandarten.

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Stampfli, A., Zeiter, M. (2001). Species Responses to Climatic Variation and Land-use Change in Grasslands of Southern Switzerland. In: Burga, C.A., Kratochwil, A. (eds) Biomonitoring: General and Applied Aspects on Regional and Global Scales. Tasks for vegetation science, vol 35. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9686-2_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9686-2_7

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