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Molecular Biology of Conifer Frost Tolerance and Potential Applications to Tree Breeding

  • Chapter
Conifer Cold Hardiness

Part of the book series: Tree Physiology ((TREE,volume 1))

Abstract

Under natural environmental conditions, frost tolerance is temporally associated with dormancy in the shoots of conifers and other tree species native to the Temperate Zone. Both processes have been extensively studied, particularly in seedlings, but little attempt has been made to separate them experimentally or to distinguish between the various meristems and tissues present in the shoot. In seedlings, the annual cycle in each process can be summarized for both buds and the vascular cambium as follows: (1) shoot extension growth stops and terminal buds (in which leaf primordia are initiated) are set in late summer, after which the cambium ceases growing, bud development occurs and frost tolerance begins to increase; (2) rest (endodormancy) develops in the meristems during autumn after budset and, after exposure to chilling temperatures (about 2 to 10°C), changes into quiescence (ecodormancy) by mid-winter, when frost tolerance is maximal; and (3) frost tolerance is minimal (−3 to −10°C) from budbreak and cambial reactivation in the spring until growth cessation in the autumn (e.g. Riding and Little 1984; Mellerowicz et al. 1992a; Dormling 1993; Qamaruddin et al. 1993; other chapters in this book).

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  1. Department of Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7027, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden

    David Clapham & Inger Ekberg

  2. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Maritimes Forestry Centre, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5P7, Canada

    C. H. Anthony Little

  3. University of Oulu, Box 3000, FIN-90401, Oulu, Finland

    Outi Savolainen

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  1. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 3800, G1V 4C7, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada

    Francine J. Bigras

  2. Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1235 Queen Street East, P6A 2E5, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada

    Steve J. Colombo

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Clapham, D., Ekberg, I., Little, C.H.A., Savolainen, O. (2001). Molecular Biology of Conifer Frost Tolerance and Potential Applications to Tree Breeding. In: Bigras, F.J., Colombo, S.J. (eds) Conifer Cold Hardiness. Tree Physiology, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9650-3_8

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