Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Soils

  • Chapter
Bioremediation

Abstract

Field and laboratory studies have shown that by increasing intervals of contaminant contact with soils and sediments longer periods of time are required to biodegrade an equivalent amount of contaminant, and the fraction of the total contaminant mass supplied to the system that cannot be biodegraded is increased. These observations have been referred to as the effect of “aging,” the time interval of contaminant contact with soil or sediment, on “bioavailability.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adamson, A.W. (1990) Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 5th ed., John Wiley Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, H.C., Singh, D.K. and Sharma, V.B. (1994) Persistence, metabolism and binding of p,p’-DDT in soil in Delhi, India, Journal of Environmental Science and Health B29, 73–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, M. (1985) Biodegradation of organic chemicals, Environmental Science and Technology 19, 106–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, M. (1995) How toxic are toxic chemicals in soil?, Environmental Science and Technology 29, 2713–2717.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-Cohen, L., McCarthy, P.L. and Roberts, P.V. (1993) Sorption of trichloroethylene onto a zeolite accompanied by methanotrophic biotransformation, Environmental Science and Technology 27, 2141–2148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aochi, Y.O. and Farmer, W.J. (1997) Role of microstructural properties in the time-dependent sorption/desorption behavior of 1,2-dichloroethane on humic substances, Environmental Science and Technology 31, 2520–2526.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Apitz, S.E. and Meyers-Schulte, K.J. (1996) Effects of substrate mineralogy on the biodegradability of fuel components, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15, 1883–1893.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arands, R., Lam, T., Massry, I., Berler, D.H., Muzzio, F.J. and Kosson, D.S. (1997) Modeling and experimental validation of VOC diffusion through an unsaturated soil, Water Resources Research 33, 599–609.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aronstein, B.N. and Alexander, M. (1992) Surfactants at low concentrations stimulate biodegradation of sorbed hydrocarbons in samples of aquifer sands and soil slurries, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11, 1227–1233.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aronstein, B.N., Calvillo, Y.M. and Alexander, M. (1991) Effect of surfactants at low concentrations on the desorption and biodegradation of sorbed aromatic compounds in soil, Environmental Science and Technology 25, 1728–1731.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atlas, R.M. and Bartha, R. (1992) Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications, Benjamin/Cummings, Redwood City, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, W.P. and Roberts, P.V. (199la) Long-term sorption of halogenated organic chemicals by aquifer material. 1. Equilibrium, Environmental Science and Technology 25, 1223–1236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, W.P. and Roberts, P.V. (1991b) Long-term sorption of halogenated organic chemicals to aquifer material. 2. Intraparticle Diffusion. Environmental Science and Technology 25: 1237–1249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bohn, H.L., McNeal, B.L. and O’Connor, G.A. (1985) Soil Chemistry, 2nd ed., John Wiley Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, H. and Girvin, D.C. (1996) Effect of adsorption on the biodegradation of nitrilotriacetate by Chelatobacter heintzii, Environmental Science and Technology 30, 2057–2065.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borglin, S., Wilke, A., Jepsen, R. and Lick, W. (1996) Parameters affecting the desorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals from suspended sediments, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15, 2254–2262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouchard, D.C., Wood, A, Campbell, M.L., Nkedi-Kizza, P. and Rao, P.S.C. (1988) Sorption nonequilibrium during solute transport, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 2, 209–223.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brusseau, M.L. (1993) Using QSAR to evaluate phenomenological models for sorption of organic compounds by soil, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 12, 1835–1846.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brusseau, M.L. and Rao, P.S.C. (1991) Influence of sorbate structure on nonequilibrium sorption of organic compounds, Environmental Science and Technology 25, 1501–1506.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brusseau, M.L., Jesup, R.E. and Rao, P.S.C. (1991a) Nonequilibrium sorption of organic chemicals: elucidation of rate-limiting processes, Environmental Science and Technology 25, 134–142.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brusseau, M.L., Wood, A.L. and Rao, P.S.C. (1991b) Influence of organic cosolvents on the sorption kinetics of hydrophobic organic chemicals, Environmental Science and Technology 25, 903–910.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bungay, P.M. and Brenner, H. (1973) The motion of a closely fitting sphere in a fluid-filled tube, International Journal of MultOase Flow 1, 25–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, S.V. (1991) Mechanisms of interaction between analine, soil, soil solution, and soil microbes, Ph.D. Dissertation, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calvillo, Y.M. and Alexander, M. (1996) Mechanism of microbial utilization of biphenyl sorbed to polyacrylic beads, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 45, 383–390.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chantong, A. and Massoth, F.E. (1983) Restrictive diffusion in aluminas, Journal of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers 29, 725–731.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chin, Y.P., Aiken, G.R. and Danielsen, K.M. (1997) Binding of pyrene to aquatic and commercial humic substances: The role of molecular weight and aromaticity, Environmental Science and Technology 31, 1630–1635.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, B.E. and Characklis, W.G. (1990) Physical and chemical properties of biofilms, in W.G. Characklis and K.G. Marshall (eds.), Biofilms, John Wiley Sons, New York, pp. 95–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chung, G.-Y., McCoy, B.J. and Scow, K.M. (1993) Criteria to assess when biodegradation is kinetically limited by intraparticle diffusion and sorption, Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41, 625–632.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connaughton, D.F., Stedinger, J.R., Lion, L.W. and Shuler, M.L. (1993) Description of time-varying kinetics: Release of naphthalene from contaminated soils, Environmental Science and Technology 27, 2397–2403.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crank, J. (1975) The Mathematics of Diffusion, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Culver, T.B., Hallisey, S.P., Sahoo, D., Deitsch, J.J. and Smith, J.A. (1997) Modeling the desorption of organic contaminants from long-term contaminated soil using distributed mass transfer rates, Environmental Science and Technology 31, 1581–1588.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, J.A., Werth, C.J., Reinhard, M. and Roberts, P.V. (1997) Effects of grain-scale mass transfer on the transport of volatile organics through sediments. 1. Model development, Water Resources Research 33, 2713–2726.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cussler, E.L. (1984) Diffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deen, W.M. (1987) Hindered transport of large molecules in liquid-filled pores, Journal of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers 33, 1409–1425.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Efroymson, R.A. and Alexander, M. (1991) Biodegradation by an Arthrobacter species of hydrocarbons partitioned into an organic solvent, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57, 1441–1447.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Efroymson, R.A. and Alexander, M. (1994) Biodegradation in soil of hydrophobic pollutants in nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13, 405–411.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elgar, K.E. (1966) Analysis of crops and soils for residues of the soil insecticides aldrin and “Telodrin”, Journal Science Food Agriculture 17, 541–546.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Everett, D.H. and Powl, J.C. (1976) Adsorption in slit-like and cylindrical micropores in the Henry’s Law region, Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions 1 72, 619–636.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell, J. and Reinhard, M. (1994a) Desorption of halogenated organics from model solids, sediments, and soil under unsaturated conditions. 1. Isotherms, Environmental Science and Technology 28, 53–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell, J. and Reinhard, M. (1994b) Desorption of halogenated organics from model solids, sediments, and soil under unsaturated conditions. 2. Kinetics, Environmental Science and Technology 28, 63–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fogler, H.S. (1992) Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghoshal, S., Ramaswami, A. and Luthy, R.G. (1996) Biodegradation of naphthalene from coal tar and heptamethylnonane in mixed batch systems, Environmental Science and Technology 30, 1282–1291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, A.S. and Millero, F.J. (1985) Adsorption mediated decrease in the biodegradation rate of organic compounds, Microbial Ecology 11, 289–298.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graber, E.R. and Borisover, M.D. (1998) Hydration-facilitated sorption of specifically interacting organic compounds by model soil organic matter, Environmental Science and Technology 32, 258–263.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregg, S.J. and Sing, K.S.W. (1982) Adsorption, Surface Area, and Porosity, 2nd ed., Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, P.C. and Fletcher, M. (1991) Adsorption mediated decrease in the biodegradation of organic compounds, Microbial Ecology 11, 289–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerin, W.F. and Boyd, S.A. (1992) Differential bioavailability of soil-sorbed naphthalene to two bacterial species, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, 1142–1152.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harms, H. and Zehnider, A.J.B. (1995) Bioavailability of sorbed 3-chlorodibenzofuran, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54, 27–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, R.W. and Young, L.Y. (1980) Enumeration of particle-bound and unattached respiring bacteria in the salt marsh environment, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 40, 156–160.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hatzinger, P.B. and Alexander, M. (1995) Effects of aging chemicals in soil and their biodegradability and extractability, Environmental Science and Technology 29, 537–545.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegeman, W.J.M., van der Weijden, C.H. and Loch, I.P.G. (1995) Sorption of benzo[a]pyrene and phenanthrene on suspended harbor sediment as a unction of suspended sediment concentration and salinity: A laboratory study using the cosolvent partition coefficient, Environmental Science and Technology 29, 363–371.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, W. and Weber, J. (1997) Thermodynamic considerations in the sorption of organic contaminants by soils and sediments. 1. The isosteric heat approach and its application to model inorganic sorbents, Environmental Science and Technology 31, 3238–3243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isaacson, P.J. and Frink, C.R. (1984) Nonreversible sorption of phenolic compounds by sediment fractions: The role of sediment organic matter, Environmental Science and Technology 18, 43–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez, I.Y. and Bartha, R. (1996) Solvent-augmented mineralization of pyrene by a Mycobacterium sp., Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62, 2311–2316.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kan, A.T., Fu, G. and Tomson, M.B. (1994) Adsorption/desorption hysteresis in organic pollutant and soil/sediment interaction, Environmental Science and Technology 28, 859–867.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanga, S.A., Bonner, J.S., Page, C.A., Mills, M.A. and Autenrieth, R.L. (1997) Solubilization of naphthalene and methyl-substituted naphthalenes from crude oil using biosurfactants, Environmental Science and Technology 31, 556–561.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kefford, B., Kjelleberg, S. and Marshall, K.C. (1982) Bacterial scavenging: Utilization of fatty acids localized at a solid-liquid interface, Archives of Microbiology 133, 257–260.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knaebel, D.B., Federle, T.W., McAvoy, D.C. and Vestal, J.R. (1994) Effect of mineral and organic soil constituents on microbial mineralization of organic compounds in natural soil, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 4500–4508.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knaebel, D.B., Federle, T.W., McAvoy, D.C. and Vestal, J.R. (1996) Microbial mineralization of organic compounds in an acidic agriculture soil: Effects of preadsorption to various soil constituents, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15, 1865–1875.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, E., van Loosdrecht, M., Giger, W. and Schwarzenbach, R.P. (1987) Microbial degradation of nitrilotriacetate (NTA) during river water/groundwater infiltration: Laboratory column studies, Water Research 21, 1237–1248.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labare, M.P. and Alexander, M. (1995) Enhanced mineralization of organic compounds in nonaqueous-phase liquids, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14, 257–265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laha, S., Liu, Z., Edwards, D.A. and Luthy, R.G. (1995) Surfactant solubilization of phenanthrene in soil-aqueous systems and its effect on bioremediation, in C.P. Huang, C.R. O’Melia and J.J. Morgan (eds.), Aquatic Chemistry: Interfacial and Interspecies Processes, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., pp. 339–361.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E.P. and Schultz, K.R. (1960) Persistence of DDT, aldrin, and lindane in some midwestern soils, Journal of Economic Entomology 53, 136–142.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, T.F., von Loy, M.D. and Nazaroff, W.W. (1996) Gas-phase transport and sorption of benzene in soil, Environmental Science and Technology 30, 2178–2186.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen, E.L., Mann, C.L. and Bilotta, S.E. (1996) Oxygen limitations and aging as explanations for the field persistence of naphthalene in coal tar-contaminated surface sediments, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11, 1876–1882.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manilal, Y.B. and Alexander, M. (1991) Factors affecting the microbial degradation of phenanthrene in soil, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 35, 401–405.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massry, I.W. (1997) The impact of micropore diffusion on contaminant transport and biodegradation rates in soils and aquifer materials, Ph.D. Dissertation, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihelcic, J.R. and Luthy, R.G. (1991) Sorption and microbial degradation of naphthalene in soil-water suspensions under denitrification conditions, Environmental Science and Technology 25, 169–177.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, M.E. and Alexander, M. (1991) Kinetics of bacterial degradation of benzylamine in a montomorillonite suspension, Environmental Science and Technology 25, 240–245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nam, K. and Alexander, M. (1998) Role of nanoporosity and hydrophobicity in sequestration and bioavailability: Tests with model solids, Environmental Science and Technology 32, 71–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nash, R.G. and Woolson, A.E. (1967) Persistence of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in soil, Science 157, 924–927.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nzengung, V.A., Nkedi-Kizza, P., Jessup, R.E. and Voudrias, E.A. (1997) Organic cosolvent effects on sorption kinetics of hydrophobic chemicals by organoclays, Environmental Science and Technology 31, 1470–1475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogram, A.V., Jessup, R.E., Ou, L.T. and Rao, P.S.C. (1985) Effects of sorption on biological degradation rates of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid in soils, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49, 582–587.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olson, B.H., McCleary, R. and Meeker, J. (1991) Background and models for bacterial biofilm formation and function in water distribution systems, in C.J. Hurst (ed.), Modeling the Environmental Fate of Microorganisms, American Society for Microbiology, Washington D.C., pp. 255–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Onsager, J.A., Rusk, H.W. and Butler, L.I. (1970) Residues of aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane and DDT in soil and sugar beets, Journal of Economic Entomology 63, 1143–1146.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ortega-Calvo, J.J. and Alexander, M. (1994) Roles of bacterial attachment and spontaneous partitioning in the biodegradation of naphthalene initially present in nonaqueous phase liquids, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 2643–2646.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ortega-Calvo, J.J., Birdman, I. and Alexander, M. (1995) Effect of varying the rate of partitioning of phenanthrene in nonaqueous-phase liquids in biodegradation in soil slurries, Environmental Science Technology 29, 2222–2225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paine, M.D., Chapman, P.M., Allard, P.J., Murdoch, M.H. and Minifie, D. (1996) Limited bioavailability of sediment PAH near an aluminum smelter: Contamination does not equal effects, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15, 2003–2018.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pignatello, J.J. (1990a) Slowly reversible sorption of aliphatic halocarbons in soils. I. Formation of residual fractions, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 9, 1107–1115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pignatello, J.J. (1990b) Slowly reversible sorption of aliphatic halocarbons in soils. II. Mechanistic aspects, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 9, 1117–1126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pignatello, J.J. and Xing, B. (1996) Mechanisms of slow sorption of organic chemicals to natural particles, Environmental Science and Technology 30, 1–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pignatello, J.J., Ferrandino, F.J. and Huang, L.Q. (1993) Elution of aged and freshly added herbicides from a soil, Environmental Science and Technology 27, 1563–1571.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rijnaarts, H.H.M., Bachmann, A., Jumlet, J.C. and Zehnder, A.J.B. (1990) Effect of desorption and intraparticle mass transfer on the aerobic biomineralization of a-Hexachlorocyclohexane in a contaminated calcareous soil, Environmental Science and Technology 24, 1349–1354.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandoli, R.L., Ghiorse, W.C. and Madsen, E.L. (1996) Regulation of microbial phenanthrene mineralization in sediment samples by sorbent-sorbate contact time, inocula and gamma irradiation-induced sterilization artifacts, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15, 1901–1907.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, C.E., Jr. (1997) Diffusive mobility of aromatic hydrocarbons in unsaturated and saturated soils, Ph.D. Dissertation, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholl, M.A., Mills, A.L., Herman, J.S. and Hornberger, G.M. (1990) The influence of mineralogy and solution chemistry on the attachment of bacteria to representative aquifer materials, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 6, 321–336.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schutze, D.G. (1989) An introduction to soil mineralogy, in J.B. Dixon and S.B. Weed (eds.), Minerals in Soil Environments Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzenbach, R.P., Gschwend, P.M. and Imboden, D.M. (1993) Environmental Organic Chemistry, John Wiley Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwertmann U, Kodama, H. and Fischer, W.R. (1986) Mutual interactions between organics and iron oxides, in P.M. Huang and M. Schnitzer (eds.), Interactions of Soil Minerals with Natural Organics and Microbes, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 223–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scribner, S.L., Benzing, T.R., Sun, S. and Boyd, S.A. (1992) Desorption and bioavailability of aged simazine residues in soil from a continuous corn field, Journal of Environmental Quality 21, 115–120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slatterfield, C.N., Colton, C.K. and Pitcher, W.H., Jr. (1973) Restricted diffusion in liquids within fine pores, Journal of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers 19, 628–635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, S.M., Pignatello, J.J. and Sawhney, B.L. (1987) Persistence of 1,2-dibromoethane in soils: Entrapment in intraparticle micropores, Environmental Science and Technology 21, 1201–1209.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stucki, G. and Alexander, M. (1987) Role of dissolution rate and solubility in biodegradation of aromatic compounds, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61, 292–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, J.M., Yordy, J.R., Amador, J.A. and Alexander, M. (1986) Rates of dissolution and biodegradation of water-insoluble organic compounds, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61, 1699–1705.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Lyklema, J., Norde, W., Schraa, G. and Zehnder, A.J.B. (1987) The role of bacterial cell wall hydrophobicity in adhesion, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 3, 1893–1897.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Lyklema, J., Norde, W. and Zehnder, A.J.B. (1989) Bacterial adhesion: A physiochemical approach, Microbial Ecology 17, 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Lyklema, J., Norde, W. and Zehnder, A.J.B. (1990) Influence of interfaces on microbial activity, Microbiological Reviews 54, 75–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkering, F., Breure, A.M., Sterkenburg, A. and van Andel, J.G. (1992) Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Effect of substrate availability on bacterial growth kinetics, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 36, 548–552.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkering, F., Breure, A.M., van Andel, J.G. and Rulkens, W.H. (1995) Influence of nonionic surfactants on bioavailability and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61, 1699–1705.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissenfels, W.D., Klewer, H.-J. and Langhoff, J. (1992) Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by soil particles: Influence on biodegradability and biotoxicity, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 36, 689–696.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werth, C.J. and Reinhard, M. (1997a) Effects of temperature on trichloroethylene desorption from silica gel and natural sediments. 1. Isotherms, Environmental Science and Technology 31, 689–696.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werth, C.J. and Reinhard, M. (1997b) Effects of temperature on trichloroethylene desorption from silica gel and natural sediments. 2. Kinetics, Environmental Science and Technology 31, 697–703.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werth, C.J., Cunningham, J.A., Roberts, P.V. and Reinhard, M. (1997) Effects of grain-scale mass transfer on the transport of volatile organics through sediments: 2. Column results, Water Resources Research 33, 2727–2740.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wodzinski, R.S. and Bertolini, D. (1972) Physical state in which naphthalene and bibenzyl are utilized by bacteria, Applied Microbiology 23, 1077–1081.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wodzinski, R.S. and Coyle, J.E. (1974) Physical state of phenanthrene for utilization by bacteria, Applied Microbiology 27, 1081–1084.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ying, W.-C. and Weber, W.J. (1979) Bio-physiochemical adsorption model systems for wastewater treatment, Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 51, 2661–2677.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y. and Miller, R.M. (1992) Enhanced octadecane dispersion and biodegradation by a Pseudomonas rhamnolipid surfactant (biosurfactant), Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, 3276–3282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Leslie M. Shor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David S. Kosson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of the Army, SCBRD-RT, US Army Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, 21010-5423, MD, USA

    James J. Valdes

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shor, L.M., Kosson, D.S. (2000). Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Soils. In: Valdes, J.J. (eds) Bioremediation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9425-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9425-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5519-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9425-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation