Skip to main content

Forest Condition in Finland — Concluding Remarks

  • Chapter
Forest Condition in a Changing Environment

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 65))

Abstract

Forest condition has been a matter of considerable public concern since the beginning of the 1980’s when the reports of widespread forest decline and damage in central Europe were immediately associated with anthropogenic pollution of the environment. Industrial activities have, especially since the 1940’s, emitted increasing amounts of a wide range of air pollutants, and increased the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mälkönen, E., Helmisaari, HS., Lindgren, M., Raitio, H. (2000). Forest Condition in Finland — Concluding Remarks. In: Mälkönen, E. (eds) Forest Condition in a Changing Environment. Forestry Sciences, vol 65. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9373-1_41

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9373-1_41

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5423-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9373-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics