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Forest Condition in a Changing Environment pp 142–155Cite as

Forest Condition in Relation to Environmental Factors

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Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 65))

Abstract

A decrease in forest vitality was observed over large areas in Central Europe in the late 1970’s. The deterioration in tree condition not only occurred in highly polluted areas close to industrial regions, but also in areas located at considerable distances from emission sources. The hypotheses put forward to explain the phenomenon claimed that the causal agents were either acidic deposition and the dissolution of soil aluminium (Ulrich et al 1979, Sverdrup et al 1994), gaseous pollutants (Krause et al 1986, Prinz et al 1985), nitrogen deposition (Nihlgård 1985) or nutrient deficiencies (Schulze 1988). It has subsequently been accepted that forest damage is a highly complex phenomenon, the effects of pollutants being connected to climatic factors, local growth conditions, selection of provenances, abiotic and biotic damage or to the history of forest use (Führer 1990, Innes 1993, Landman and Bonneau 1995). According to one point of view, the direct effects of pollutants on forest condition can only be demonstrated in the environments of industrial areas (Skelly and Innes 1994, Kandier and Innes 1995).

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  1. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Centre, P.O. Box 18, FIN-01301, Vantaa, Finland

    Martti Lindgren, Maija Salemaa & Pekka Tamminen

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  1. Martti Lindgren
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  1. Vantaa Research Centre, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland

    Eino Mälkönen

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Lindgren, M., Salemaa, M., Tamminen, P. (2000). Forest Condition in Relation to Environmental Factors. In: Mälkönen, E. (eds) Forest Condition in a Changing Environment. Forestry Sciences, vol 65. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9373-1_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9373-1_16

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