Abstract
We present new calculations for model atmospheres in magnetic flux tubes extending vertically through the photosphere and convection zone of the Sun. This study is a continuation of work by Hasan & Kalkofen (1994) on the equilibrium structure of intense magnetic flux tubes. We construct static models of flux tubes by solving the equations of energy transport and radiative transfer. The most significant aspect of our study is the inclusion of multidimensional radiative transfer in cylindrical geometry and the influence of the flux tube on the ambient medium. Our models satisfy the condition of radiative equilibrium; the lower boundary intensity includes the effect of convection. We determine the structure of the thermal boundary layer at the interface of the flux tube and the ambient medium. We find that the temperature does not change abruptly from its value on the flux tube axis to the ambient value far from the tube. Rather, there is a transition layer at the interface, where there is a significant horizontal temperature gradient. Detailed calculations have been carried out to examine the physical conditions in this layer as well as its horizontal extent.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bellot Rubio, L. R., Ruiz Cobo, B., and Collados, M.: 1996,Astron. Astrophys., 306, 960
Bellot Rubio, L. R., Ruiz Cobo, B., and Collados, M.: 1997,Astrophys. J., 478, L45
del Toro Iniesta, J. C. and Ruiz Cobo, B.: 1996, in J.O. Stenflo, K.N. Nagendra (eds.), Solar Polarization, Proc. 1st SPW, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 169 (also Solar Phys. 164, 169)
Fabiani Bendicho, P., Kneer, F., and Trujillo Bueno, J.: 1992, Astron. Astrophys., 264, 229
Ferrari, A., Massaglia, S., Kalkofen, W., Rosner, R., and Bodo, G.: 1985, Astrophys. J., 298, 181
Frutiger, C. and Solanki, S. K.: 1998, Astron. Astrophys., 336, L65
Grossmann-Doerth, U., Keller, C. U., and Schüssler, M.: 1996, Astrophys. J., 315, 610
Grossmann-Doerth, U., Knölker, M., Schüssler, M., and Solanki, S. K.: 1994, Astron. Astrophys., 285, 648
Hasan, S. S.: 1984, Astrophys. J., 285, 851
Hasan, S. S.: 1985, Astrophys. J., 285, 851
Hasan, S. S.: 1991, in P. Ulmschneider, E. R. Priest & R. Rosner (eds.) , Mechanisms of Chromospheric and Coronal Heating, Springer Verlag, Berlin, p.408
Hasan, S.S.: 1988, Astrophys. J., 332, 499
Hasan, S. S. and Kalkofen, W.: 1994, Astrophys. J., 436, 355(Paper I)
Hasan, S. S., Kalkofen, W., and Kneer, F.: 1998, Astron. Astrophys., 332, 1064
Kalkofen, W., Rosner, R., Ferrari, A., and Massaglia, S.: 1986, Astrophys. J., 304, 519
Keller, C. U., Solanki, S. K., Steiner, O., and Stenflo, J. O.: 1990, Astron. Astrophys., 233, 583
Keller, C. U., Deubner, F. L., Egger, U., Fleck, B. and Povel, H.P.: 1990, Astron. Astroph ys., 286, 626
Kneer, F., von Uexküll, M.: 1991, Astron. Astrophys., 247, 556
Kneer, F., Hasan, S. S., Kalkofen, W.: 1996, Astron. Astrophys., 305, 660
Knölker, M., Schüssler, M., and Weisshaar, E.: 1988, Astron. Astrophys., 194, 257
Kunasz, P. B. and Auer, L. H.: 1989, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 39, 67
Lin, H.: 1995, Astrophys. J., 446, 421
Nordlund, A, & Stein, R. F.: 1989, in R. J. Rutten, G. Severino (eds.), Solar and Stellar Granulation, NATO ASI, C-263, Kluwer, Dodrecht., p. 453
Nordlund, A, and Stein, R. F.: 1990, in J. O. Stenflo (ed.), Solar Photosphere: Structure, Convection and Magnetic Fields, IAU Symp. No. 138, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 191
Pizzo, V. J., MacGregor, K. B., and Kunasz, P. B.: 1993a, Astrophys. J., 404, 788
Pizzo, V. J., MacGregor, K. B., and Kunasz, P. B.: 1993b, Astrophys. J., 413, 764
Rabin, D.: 1992, Astron. Astrophys., 231, 278
Roberts, B., and Webb, A. R.: 1978, Solar Phys., 56, 5
Rüedi, I., Solanki, S. K., Livingston, W. and Stenflo, J. O.: 1992, Astron. Astrophys., 263, 323
Ruiz Cobo, B. and del Toro Iniesta, J. C.: 1992, Astrophys. J., 398, 375
Sánchez Almeida, J. and Landi Degl’Innocenti, E.: 1996, in J.O. Stenflo, K.N. Nagendra (eds.), Solar Polarization, Proc. 1st SPW, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 203 (also Solar Phys. 164, 203)
Schüssler, M.: 1995, Rev. Mod. Astron., 8, 11
Sigwarth, M., Balasubramaniam, K. S., and Knölker, M.: 1988, Astron. Astrophys., in press
Solanki, S. K.: 1993, Space Sci. Rev.,56, 5
Solanki, S. K.: 1995: in Kuhn J., Penn M. (eds.), Infrared Tools for Solar Astrophysics: What’s Next?, Proc. 15th Sacramento Peak Workshop, Sunspot, NM, World Scientific, Singapore
Spruit, H. C.: 1976, Solar Phys., 50, 269
Steiner, O.: 1989, Astron. Astrophys., 231, 278
Steiner, O., Knölker, M., and Schiissler, M.: 1994, in R. J. Rutten, C. J. Schrijver (eds.), Solar Surface Magnetism, NATO ASI, C-433, Kluwer, Dodrecht., p. 441
Steiner, O., Grossmann-Doerth, U., Schüissler, M., and Knölker, M.: 1996, in J.O. Stenflo, K.N. Nagendra (eds.), Solar Polarization, Proc. 1st SPW, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 223 (also Solar Phys. 164, 223)
Steiner, O., Grossmann-Doerth, U., Knölker, M., and Schüssler, M.: 1998, Astrophys. J., 495, 468
Steiner, O and Stenflo, J. O.: 1989, in J. O. Stenflo (ed.), Solar Photosphere: Structure, Convection and Magnetic Fields, IAU Symp. No. 138, Kluwer, Dordrecth, p. 181
Stenflo, J. O. and Harvey, J. W.: 1985, Solar Phys., 95, 99
Title, A.M. and Berger, T.E.: 1996, Astrophys. J., 463, 797
Vernazza, J.E., Avrett, E.H., and Loeser, R.: 1981, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 45, 635
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hasan, S.S., Kalkofen, W., Steiner, O. (1999). 2-D Radiative Equilibrium Models of Magnetic Flux Tubes. In: Nagendra, K.N., Stenflo, J.O. (eds) Solar Polarization. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 243. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9329-8_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9329-8_35
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5261-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9329-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive