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Smoothelins: One Gene, Two Proteins, Three Muscle Cell Types .... so Far

  • Chapter
Cardiovascular Specific Gene Expression

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 214))

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Abstract

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are found in a large variety of tissues. For years, SMCs have been divided into visceral and vascular SMCs, and into contractile and proliferative/ synthetic phenotypes. At present it is clear that such divisions are too simple. Vascular SMCs are in fact a collection of cells from various embryonic origins, with variations in morphology and gene expression patterns and with different functions [1,2,3,4,5]. Differences between SMC variants and modulations in phenotype can be monitored by marker proteins [1,6]. However, marker proteins for the subtle differences in SMC populations are hardly available. There are general markers for SMC, such as a-smooth muscle actin and calponin, but only a few proteins, such as smooth muscle myosin heavy chain and caldesmon, have been brought forward to discriminate between variants of SMCs [1,6,7,8,9]. Recently, characteristics of SM22a have been described that make this gene a promising candidate [3,10]. Marker proteins are not only important as molecules that allow a better definition of SMC variants, but also because they may provide promoter sequences that can be used as instruments to manipulate gene expression in SMCs and to ‘hunt down’ transcription factors involved in SMC-specific gene regulation. Gene therapy for hereditary or other diseases affecting particular smooth muscle tissues, requires promoters that are fine-tuned to the expression in one particular SMC variant and knowledge of transcription factors interacting with SMC-specific promoters.

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Authors
  1. Guillaume J. J. M. van Eys
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  2. Carlie J. M. de Vries
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  3. Sander S. M. Rensen
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  6. Gisela P. G. M. Coolen
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  8. Marco C. de Ruiter
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  9. Sevilla D. Wadleigh-Detera
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Pieter A. Doevendans

  2. Academic Hospital Maastricht, CARIM, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Robert S. Reneman

  3. Department of Physiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Marc van Bilsen

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© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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van Eys, G.J.J.M. et al. (1999). Smoothelins: One Gene, Two Proteins, Three Muscle Cell Types .... so Far. In: Doevendans, P.A., Reneman, R.S., van Bilsen, M. (eds) Cardiovascular Specific Gene Expression. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 214. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9321-2_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9321-2_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5189-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9321-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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