Skip to main content

Nonequilibrium Growth of Crystals from Supersaturated Solutions

  • Chapter
Growth, Dissolution and Pattern Formation in Geosystems
  • 596 Accesses

Abstract

Naturally growing crystals have many different shapes, which are related to their crystal structure, to their surface properties and to the conditions under which they grew. Some crystals are faceted, for example quartz crystals; metal crystals often grow with smooth shapes, and salts and organic materials often grow with needle-like structures. Dendritic crystals, which are the subject of this paper, are also very common. Dendrites are crystals having a tree-like branched structure, with details dictated by their crystallography. The most well-known, and also one of the most beautiful, is the snow-flake. This structure was first noticed by Kepler in 1611 (Kepler, 1611), who drew pictures showing their six-fold symmetry properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ben Amar, M. and Pomeau, Y., 1988, Growth of faceted needle crystals, Europhysics Letters 6(7), 609–614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Jacob, E., Deutscher, G., Garik, P., Goldenfeld, N.D. and Larea, Y., 1986, Formation of a dense branching morphology in interfacial growth, Physical Review Letters 57(15), 1903–1906.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolling, G.F. and Tiller, W.A., 1961, Growth from the Melt III. Dendritic growth, Journal of Applied Physics 32, 2587–2605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brener, E. and Mel’nikov, V.I., 1991, Pattern selection in two-dimensional dendritic growth, Advanced Physics 40(1), 53–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunn, C.W. and Emmett, H., 1949, Crystal growth from solution, Discussion of Faraday Society 5, 132–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, S.-K., Reimer, H.H. and Kahlweit, M., 1976, On the stationary growth shapes of NH4C1 dendrites, Journal of Crystal Growth 32, 303–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, S.-K., Reimer, H.H. and Kahlweit, M., 1978, On the growth of NH4C1 dendrites at very low supersaturation, Journal of Crystal Growth 43 (2), 229–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chernov, A.A., 1984, Modern Crystallography, Vol. 3, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Chou, H. and Cummins, H.Z.,1988, Evolution of the dendritic instability in solidifying succinonitrile, Physical Review Letters 61 (2), 173–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, A.P. and Gollub, J.P., 1988, Steady-state dendritic growth of NH4Br from solution, Physical Review A 38 (6), 3043–3053.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, P.D., Kaplan, P.D. and Gollub, J.P., 1987, Development of side branching in dendritic growth, Physical Review Letters 58 (16), 1652–1655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glicksman, M.E., Shaefer, R.J. and Ayers, J.D., 1976, Dendritic growth — A test theory, Metallurgical Transactions A 7, 1747–1759.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grossmann, B., Guo, H. and Grant, M., 1991, Kinetic roughening of interfaces in driven systems, Physical Review A 43 (4), 1727–1743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Honjo, H., Ohta, S. and Sawada, Y., 1985, New experimental findings in two-dimensional dendritic crystal growth, Physical Review Letters 55 (8), 841–844.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huppert, H.E., Hallworth, M. and Lipson, S.G., 1993, Solidification of NH4Cl and NH4Br from aqueous solutions contaminated by CuSO4: The extinction of chimneys, Journal of Crystal Growth 130(3–4), 495–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivantsov, G.P., 1947, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 58, 567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kepler, J., 1611, The Six-Corned Snowflake, Clarendon Press, Oxford [translated by C. Hardie, originally published as De Nive Sexangula, Godfray Tampach, Frankfurt am Main].

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostianovsky, S., Lipson, S.G. and Ribak, E., 1993, Interference microscopy and Fourier fringe analysis applied to measuring the spatial refractive-index distribution, Applied Optics 32 (5), 4744–4750.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langer, J.S., 1986, Lectures in theories of pattern formation, in J. Vannimenus and R. Storra (eds.), Chance and Matter, Les Houches Lectures, North-Holland, Amsterdam, p. 629.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, J., Bouissou, P., Perrin, B. and Tabeling, P., 1989, Faceted dendrites in the growth of NH4Br crystals, Europhysics Letters 8(1), 67–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mullins, W.W. and Sekerka, R.F., 1963, Morphological stability of a particle growing by diffusion of heat flow, Journal of Applied Physics 34, 323–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mullins, W.W. and Sekerka, R.F., 1964, Stability of a planar interface during solidification of a dilute binary alloy, Journal of Applied Physics 35, 444–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Notcovich, A.G. and Lipson, S.G., 1998, Measurement of concentration fields around dendritic growing crystals from solution: Characterization of the growth conditions at the dendrite tip, Physica A 257, 454–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pomeu, Y. and Ben Amar, M., 1992, Dendritic growth and related topics, in C. Godrecht (ed.), Solids Farfrom Equilibrium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 365–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raz, E. and Chait, A., 1991, Velocity and Morphology Transition in Dendritic Growth, 1991 M.R.S. Fall Meeting on ‘Interface Dynamics and Growth’, Vol. 237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raz, E., Lipson, S.G. and Ben-Jacob, E., 1991, New periodic morphologies observed during dendritic growth of ammonium chloride crystals in thin layers, Journal of Crystal Growth 108, 637–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raz, E., Lipson, S.G. and Polturak, E., 1989, Dendritic growth of ammonium chloride crystals; Measurements of the concentration field and a proposed nucleation model for growth, Physical Review A 40 (2), 1088–1095.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takeda, M., Ima, H. and Kobayshi, S., 1982, Fourier transform method of fringe pattern analysis for computer based topography and interferometry, Journal of Optical Society of America 72, 156–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Saaloos, W. and Gilmer, G.H., 1986, Dynamical properties of long wavelength interface fluctuations during nucleation growth, Physical Review B 33 (7), 4927–4935.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yarnitzky, C.N., 1985, Automated cell: A new approach to polarographic analyzers, Analytical Chemistry 57, 2011–2015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Raz, E., Notcovich, A., Lipson, S.G. (1999). Nonequilibrium Growth of Crystals from Supersaturated Solutions. In: Jamtveit, B., Meakin, P. (eds) Growth, Dissolution and Pattern Formation in Geosystems. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9179-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9179-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4030-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9179-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics