Skip to main content

The role of phonology in reading Japanese: Or why I don’t hear myself when reading Japanese

  • Chapter
Cognitive Processing of the Chinese and the Japanese Languages

Part of the book series: Neuropsychology and Cognition ((NPCO,volume 14))

Abstract

Based on the phenomenal experience that when I read Japanese I don’t hear ‘inner speech’, I suggest that the role of phonology may be more limited when reading text in Japanese than in English. Although this possibility has been suggested by others, I argue for somewhat different sources of this reduced role. Specifically, I propose that the greater visual discriminability of kanji words under degraded conditions, and the less important role of word order as a syntactic cue are likely to be the key factors. Relevant literature is reviewed, and directions for future research are suggested.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Baddeley, A.D. (1979). Working memory and reading. In: P.A. Kolers, M.E. Wrolstad & H. Bouma, (eds.), The processing of visible language, Vol. 1 (pp. 355–370 ). New York: Plenum.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Baddeley, A.D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baddeley, A.D., Eldridge, M. & Lewis, V.J. (1981). The role of subvocalization in reading, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 33A: 439–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baddeley, A.D. & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In: G.A. Bower, (ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation, Vol. 8 (pp. 47–90 ). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baddeley, A.D. & Lewis, V. (1981). Inner active processes in reading: the inner voice, the inner ear, and the inner eye. In: A.M. Lesgold, & C.A. Perfetti, (eds.), Interactive processes in reading (pp. 107–129 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, J. (1973). Phonemic stage not necessary for reading, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 25: 241–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Besner, D., Davies, J. & Daniels, S. (1981). Reading for meaning: The effects of concurrent articulation, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 33A: 415–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bub, D., Black, S., Howell, J. & Kertesz, A. (1987). Speech output processes and reading. In: M. Coltheart, G. Sartori & R. Job (eds.), The cognitive neuropsychology of language (pp. 79–110 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caplan, D. & Waters, G. (1990). Short-term memory and language comprehension: A critical review of the neuropsychological literature. In: G. Vallar, & T. Shallice (eds.), Neuropsychological impairments of short-term memory (pp. 337–389 ). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Caramazza, A., Basili, A.G., Koller, J.J. & Berndt, R.S. (1981). An investigation of repetition and language processing in a case of conduction aphasia, Brain and Language 14: 235271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coltheart, M. (1978). Lexical access in simple reading tasks. In: G. Underwood, (ed.), Strategies of information processing (pp. 151–216 ). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coltheart, V., Patterson, K. & Leahy, J. (1994). When a ROWS is a ROSE: Phonological effects in written word comprehension, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 47A: 917–955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davelaar, E., Coltheart, M., Besner, D. & Johansson, J.T. (1978). Phonological recoding and lexical access, Memory and Cognition 6: 391–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, J.C. & Kirsner, K. (1988). Discovering functionally independent mental processes: The principle of reversed association, Psychological Review, 95: 91–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, L.B. & Turvey, M.T. (1980). Words written in kana are named faster than the same words written in kanji, Language and Speech 23: 141–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost, R., Katz, L. & Bentin, S. (1987). Strategies for visual word recognition and orthographical depth: A multilingual comparison, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2: 361–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goryo, K. (1987). Yomu to iukoto [The issue of reading]. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press. Hagiwara, H. & Caplan, D. (1990). Syntactic comprehension in Japanese aphasics: Effects of category and thematic role order, Brain and Language 38: 159–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, M. & Coltheart, M. (1986). Language processing in children and adults. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwatate, S. (1980). The word-order and case strategies in Japanese children, Japanese Journal of Psychology 51: 233–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura, Y. (1984). Concurrent vocal interference: Its effects on kana and kanji, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 36A: 117–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinoshita, S. & Saito, H. (1992). Effects of concurrent articulation on reading Japanese kanji and kana words, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 44A: 455–474.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacWhinney, B., Bates, E. & Kliegl, R. (1984). Cue validity and sentence interpretation in English, German, and Italian, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 23: 127150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R. (1993). Short-term memory and sentence processing: Evidence from neuro-psychology, Memory and Cognition 21: 176–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, S.E. (1972). Nonalphabetic writing systems: Some observations. In J.F. Kavanagh, & I.G. Mattingly (eds.), The relationships between speech and reading (pp. 81–102 ). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, J. & Sasanuma, S. (1984). Lexical access in Japanese. In: L. Henderson (ed.), Orthographies and reading: Perspectives from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and linguistics (pp. 25–42 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paradis, M., Hagiwara, H. & Hildebrandt, N. (1985). Neurolinguistic aspects of the Japanese writing system. Tokyo: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, K.E. (1990). Basic processes of reading: Do they differ in Japanese and English? Japanese Journal of Neuropsychology 6: 4–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perfetti, C.C.A. & Zhang, S. (1991). Phonemic processes in reading Chinese words, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 17: 633–643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plant, D.C., McClelland, J.C., Seidenberg, M.S. & Patterson, K. (1996). Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains, Psychological Review 105: 56–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pollatsek, A., Lesch, M., Moms, R.K. & Rayner, K. (1992). Phonological codes are used in integrating information across saccades in word identification and reading, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 18: 148–162.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pugh, K.R., Rexer, K. & Katz, L. (1994). Evidence of flexible coding in visual word recognition, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 20: 807–825.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saffran, E.M. & Martin, N. (1990). Short-term memory impairment and sentence processing: A case study. In: G. Vallar, & T. Shallice, (eds.), Neuropsychological impairments of short-term memory (pp. 428–447 ). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, H. (1981). Use of graphemic and phonemic encoding in reading kanji and kana, Japanese Journal of Psychology 52: 266–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seidenberg, M.S. (1985). The time course of phonological code activation in two writing systems, Cognition 19: 1–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seidenberg, M.S. & McClelland, J.L. (1989). A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming, Psychological Review 96: 523–568.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, H.G., Hornak, R. & Sanders, E. (1978). The effect of graphemic, phonetic, and semantic relationships on access to lexical structures, Memory and Cognition 6: 115–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan, L.H., Hoosain, R. & Siok, W.W.T. (1996). Activation of phonological codes before access to character meaning in written Chinese, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 22: 865–882.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treiman, R.A., Baron, J. & Luk, K. (1981). Speech recoding in silent reading: A comparison of Chinese and English, Journal of Chinese Linguistics 9: 116–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tzeng, O.J.L. & Hung, D.L. (1977). Speech recoding in reading Chinese characters, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 3: 621–630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vallar, G., Basso, A. & Bottini, G. (1990). Phonological processing and sentence comprehension: A neuropsychological case study. In: G. Vallar, & T. Shallice (eds.), Neuropsychological impairments of short-term memory (pp. 448–476 ). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Van Orden, G.C., Stone, G.O. & Pennington, B.F. (1990). Word identification in reading and the promise of subsymbolic psycholinguistics, Psychological Review 97: 488–522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verstaen, A., Humphreys, G.W, Olson, A. & d’Ydewalle, G. (1995). Are phonemic effects in backward masking evidence for automatic prelexical phonemic activation in visual word recognition? Journal of Memory and Language 34: 335–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wickelgren, W.A. (1965). Short-term memory for phonemically similar lists, American Journal of Psychology 78: 567–574.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada, J. (1992). Why are kana words named faster than kanji words? Brain and Language 43: 682–693.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada, J., Mitarai, Y. & Yoshida, T. (1991). Kanji words are easier to identify than katakana words, Psychological Research 53: 136–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sachiko Kinoshita .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kinoshita, S. (1998). The role of phonology in reading Japanese: Or why I don’t hear myself when reading Japanese. In: Leong, C.K., Tamaoka, K. (eds) Cognitive Processing of the Chinese and the Japanese Languages. Neuropsychology and Cognition, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9161-4_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9161-4_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5140-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9161-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics