Abstract
Assessment of an existing network starts with a review of monitoring objectives along with a thorough survey of social, legal, economic, political, administrative, and operational constraints. The next step is devoted to the evaluation of technical features that make up a network. This is the stage where sampling sites and frequencies, variables sampled and sampling duration are assessed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alpaslan, N. and Harmancioglu, N.B. (1990) Water Quality Monitoring-Site Selection, Stuttgart, Seminar Umweltschutz, Sept. 1990, pp.185–205.
Caselton, W. F., and Husain, T. (1980) Hydrologic networks: Information transmission. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management Division, ASCE, 106, 503–529.
DSI (1993) Report on Water Pollution and Quality Classification in the Gediz and Yesilirmak Basins, General Directorate of DSI, October 1993.
Goulter, I., and Kusmulyono, A. (1993) Entropy theory to identify water quality violators in environmental management. In: R. Chowdhury & M. Sivakumar (eds.), Geo-water and Engineering Aspects, Rotterdam, Balkema Press, pp. 149–154.
Hall, W. A., and Dracup, J. A. (1970) Water Resources System Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company Press.
Harmancioglu, N. (1981) Measuring the information content of hydrological processes by the entropy concept. Ege University, Journal of the Civil Engineering Faculty, Special Issue for the Centennial of Ataturk’s birth, Izmir, pp. 13–40.
Harmancioglu, N.B., and Alpaslan, N. (1992) Water quality monitoring network design: A problem of multi-objective decision making, AWRA, Water Resources Bulletin, Special Issue on “Multiple Objective Decision Making in Water Resources”, 28(1), 179–192.
Harmancioglu, N.B., and Singh, V.P. (1991) An information-based approach to monitoring and evaluation of water quality data. In: G. Tsakiris (ed.), ECOWARM, Proceedings of the European Conference on Advances in Water Resources Technology, Athens, A.A. Balkema Publishers, pp. 377–386.
Harmancioglu, N. B., Alpaslan, N., and Singh, V. P. (1994 b) Design of a basin-wide water quality monitoring network in Turkey, in: G. Tsakiris and M.A. Santos (eds.), Advances in Water Resources Technology and Management, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 29–36.
Harmancioglu, N. B., Alpaslan, N., and Singh, V. P. (1994) Assessment of the entropy principle as applied to water quality monitoring network design. In: Hipel, K. W. et al. (eds.), Stochastic and Statistical Methods in Hydrology and Environmental Engineering, (Time Series Analysis in Hydrology and Environmental Engineering), Kluwer, Water Science and Technology Library, vol.10/3, pp. 135–148.
Harmancioglu, N.B.; Alpaslan, N.; Alkan, A.; Ozkul, S.; Mazlum, S. and Fistikoglu, O. (1994 a) Design and Evaluation of Water Quality Monitoring Networks for Environmental Management (in Turkish), Report prepared for the Research Project granted by TUBITAK (Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey), Project code: DEBAG-23, January 1994, Izmir.
Horton, R. E. (1945) Erosional development of streams, Geological Society Am. Bull., 56, 281–283.
Husain, T. (1989) Hydrologic uncertainty measure and network design. AWRA, Water Resources Bulletin, 25(3), 527–534.
Icaga, Y. (1998) Spatial optimization of hydrometric data networks by systems analysis techniques. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources Program, Izmir, (February, 1998), 164p.
Krstanovic, P.F., and Singh, V.P. (1993a) Evaluation of rainfall networks using entropy: I. Theoretical development. Water Resources Management, 6, 279–293.
Krstanovic, P.F., and Singh, V.P. (1993b) Evaluation of rainfall networks using entropy: II. Application. Water Resources Management, 6, 295–314.
Lachance, M., Bobee, B., and Haemmerli, J. (1989) Methodology for the planning and operation of a water quality network with temporal and spatial objectives: application to acid lakes in Quebec, in: R.C. Ward, J.C. Loftis and G.B. McBride (eds.), Proceedings, International Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems, Fort Collins, CSU Information Series no. 61, pp. 145–162.
Langbein, W.B. (1979) Overview of conference on hydrologic data networks. Water Resources Research, 15(6), 1867–1871.
Lettenmaier, D. P., Anderson, D. E., and Brenner, R. N. (1984) Consolidation of a stream quality monitoring network, Water Resources Bulletin, AWRA, 20(4), P.473–481.
Lettenmaier, D. P., Hooper, E. R., Wagoner, C., and Faris, K. (1991) Trends in stream quality in the continental United States, 1978–1987, Water Resources Research, 27(3), 327–339.
McMahon, T. A., and Mein, R. G. (1986) River and Reservoir Yield. Victoria: Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colorado, 368 p.
Moss, M.E. (1997) On the proper selection of surrogate measures in the design of data collection networks. In: N.B. Harmancioglu, M.N. Alpaslan, S.D. Ozkul and V.P. Singh (eds.), Integrated Approach to Environmental Data Management Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, NATO ASI Series, 2. Environment, vol. 31, pp.79–88.
National Research Council (1994) National Water Quality Assessment Program: The Challenge of National Synthesis. Committee on U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Research, Water Science and Technology Board, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
Ozkul, S. (1996) Space/Time Design of Water Quality Monitoring Networks by the Entropy Method. Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir, Ph. D. Thesis in Civil Engineering (Advisor: Nilgun B. Harmancioglu).
Ozkul, S., Harmancioglu, N.B., and Singh, V.P. (1998) Entropy-based assessment of water qulity monitoring networks in space/time dimensions. Paper accepted for publication in ASCE Journal of Hydrologic Engineering.
Sanders, T.G., Ward, R.C., Loftis, J.C., Steele, T.D., Adrian, D.D., and Yevjevich, V. (1983) Design of Networks for Monitoring Water Quality, Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colorado, 328p.
Sharp, W.E. (1971) A topologically optimum water — sampling plan for rivers and streams, Water Resources Research 7(6), 1641–1646.
Sharp, W.E. (1970) Stream order as a measure of sample uncertainty, Water Resources Research 6(3), 919–926.
Smith, D.G. and McBride, G.B. (1989) Initiation of a national water quality network for New Zealand, in: R.C. Ward, J.C. Loftis and G.B. McBride (eds.), Proceedings, International Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems, Fort Collins, CSU Information Series no. 61, pp. 59–72.
Tukey, J. W. (1977) Explanatory data analysis. Addison-Wesley Reading, Massachusetts.
Ward, R.C., Loftis, J.C., Nielsen, K.S., and Anderson, R.D. (1979) Statistical evaluation of sampling frequencies in monitoring networks, J. of WPCF, 51(9), 2292–2300.
Whitfield, P.H. (1988) Goals and data collection design for water quality monitoring, Water Resources Bulletin, AWRA 24(4), 775–780.
Yang, Y. and Burn, D.H. (1994) An entropy approach to data collection network design, Journal of Hydrology, 157, 307–324.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Harmancioglu, N.B., Fistikoglu, O., Ozkul, S.D., Singh, V.P., Alpaslan, M.N. (1999). Assessment of Sampling Sites. In: Water Quality Monitoring Network Design. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 33. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9155-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9155-3_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5150-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9155-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive