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Chromosomal Basis of Somaclonal Variation in Plants

  • Chapter
Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement

Part of the book series: Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture ((PSBA,volume 32))

Abstract

Plant regeneration from calli, cell suspensions andlor protoplasts has been extensively utilized in recent years both for the production of transgenic plants and for generating somaclonal variation (Jain, 1993a,b, 1997; Karp, 1995). This genetic variation is important in crop improvement, but also causes problems in maintenance of genetic fidelity during long-term in-vitro conservation of germplasm, in clonal propagation of germplasm and in the production of transgenic plants. The tissue culture-induced heritable variation, unlike the mutagen-induced variation, is often also associated with chromosome instability (Larkin and Scowcroft, 1981; Karp, 1991; Lee and Phillips, 1988; Peschke and Phillips, 1992; Singh, 1993). Although the causes of this chromosome instability are poorly understood, chromosome instability itself is believed to be one of the most common causes of tissue culture-induced variation (Phillips et al., 1994). In cell cultures a complete range of chromosomal aberrations is known to occur; however, due to reduced morphogenic potential and reduced viability of aberrant cultured cells, the range and frequency of these aberrations is generally reduced in regenerated plants. The literature on chromosomal variation originating in plant tissue cultures was earlier reviewed separately for cultured cells (Sunderland, 1973, 1977; Bayliss, 1980), and for regenerated plants (D’Amato, 1977). However, more recent reviews deal with chromosomal variation in cultured cells as well as regenerated plants, and present several hypotheses to explain the origin of these chromosomal variations (Lee and Phillips, 1988; Singh, 1993; Phillips et al., 1994). In this chapter, chromosomal aberrations as observed in cell suspensions, in calli and in the regenerated plants are reviewed. Causes of these chromosomal aberrations and their relationship with the heritable phenotypic variation in the regenerated plants are also discussed.

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  1. Department of Agricultural Botany, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India

    P. K. Gupta

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  1. Department of Plant Production, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. M. Jain

  2. Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, 1099, Manila, Philippines

    D. S. Brar

  3. Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Vienna, Austria

    B. S. Ahloowalia

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Gupta, P.K. (1998). Chromosomal Basis of Somaclonal Variation in Plants. In: Jain, S.M., Brar, D.S., Ahloowalia, B.S. (eds) Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture, vol 32. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9125-6_9

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