Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Boundary Dynamics in Dutch Standard Setting for Occupational Chemicals

  • Chapter
The Politics of Chemical Risk: Scenarios for a Regulatory Future

Abstract

Once started as the activity of some individual scientists, and later taken up by professional organisations, standard setting for occupational chemicals has since the 1970s increasingly become a task of government agencies. This shift in the location of standard setting has been accompanied by a growing ‘rationalisation’ of the process, mainly by structuring the information input, separating the decision making process into two or more pieces, and making legal frameworks for the implementation of standards in workplaces. This has led in turn to the design of assessment protocols, the standardisation of toxicity tests, and has involved the definition of domains of discretion for the actors involved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abraham, J. (1993) ‘Scientific Standards and Institutional Interests: Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Benoxaprofen in the UK and US’, Social Stusdies of Science 23; 387–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bal, R. (1996) ‘De grenzen van het mandaat: over de problematische omgang met carcinogene stofffen en de contextualiteit van politiek’, Kennis & Methode 20: 235–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bal, R. & B. de Vroom (1993) De Vaststelling van MAC-waarden, Leiden: Leyden Institute for Law & Public Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bal, R. & A. Spit (1994) ‘De Risicopolitiek van Man-made Mineral Fibres’, Tijd-schrift voor Toegepaste Arbowetenschap 7: 63–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, A. (1993) ‘Patterns of Decision Advice Proccesses: A Review of Types and a Commentary on some Recent British Experiences’, in: Peters & Barker (eds.) Advising West European Governments: Inquiries, Expertise and Public Policy, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 20–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigwood, J. (1973) ‘The acceptable daily intake of food additives’, CRC Critical Review of Toxicology, June: 41–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boersma (1977) Toespraak ter gelegenheid van de installatie van de Nationale MAC-Commissie, Ministery of Social Affairs: Voorburg, pressrelease nr. 77/19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breysse, P.A. (1991) ‘ACGIH TLVs: A critical analysis of the documentation’, Ame rican Journal of Industrial Medicine 20: 423–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brickman, R., S. Jasanoff & T. Ilgen (1985) Controling Chemicals: The Politics of Regulation in Europe and the US, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brokamp, J.J.A.M (1987) MAC-waarden: zin of onzin?, Masters Thesis, Erasmus University Rotterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brokamp, J.J.A.M. (1991) ‘De haalbaarheid van MAC-waarden’, Maandblad voor Arbeidsomstandigheden 67: 735–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brokamp, U.A.M. (1996) ‘Bedrijven meten te weinig’, Arbeidsomstandigheden 72: 532–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bus, J. & J. Posthuma (1992), editors, MAC-waarden op de arbeidsplaats, Alphen aan den Rijn: Samsom H.D. Tjeenk Willink.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cambrosio, A., C. Limoges & E. Hoffman (1992) ‘Expertise as a Network’, in: N. Stehr & R.V. Ericson (eds.) The Culture and Power of Knowledge, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter; 341–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castleman, B.I. & G.E. Ziem (1988) ‘Corporate influence on Threshold Limit Values’, American Journal of Industrial Medicine 13: 531–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castleman, B.I. & G.E. Ziem (1994) ‘American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Low Threshold of Credibility’, American Journal of Industrial Medicine 26: 133–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Committee on Hazardous Substances (1989) Letter to Directorate General of Labour concerning working program of 1989, 31 May 1989, reference R-1853/JB/smp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, G.V. (1988) ‘Threshold Limit Values: A Balanced Report’, American Journal of industrial Medicine 14: 233–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalderup, L.M. et al. (1976) ‘Angiosarcoma of the liver and vinylchloride’, Tijdschrtft voor Sociale Geneeskunde 54: 333–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Valk, J.H.C.M. & A. Wink (1974) ‘Naar een Nationale TLV-Commissie’, Tijdschrtft voor Sociale Geneeskunde 52: 186–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Didde, R. (1991) ‘Gezondheidsnorm op werk is vaak een slag in de lucht’, De Volkskrant, 25 May 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Director General of Labour (1976) Letter to candidate members of working group of experts, 2 March 1976, reference 80.882.

    Google Scholar 

  • Directorate General of Labour (1986) Letter to the Labour Council concerning procedure for establishing MAC values, 30 May 1986, reference DGA/MD/7203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (1986) ‘MAC-waarden nader beschouwd’, in: Labour Inspectorate, Nationale MAC-lijst 1986, The Hague: labour Inspectorate, supplement.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eijndhoven, J. van & P. Groenewegen (1991) The Construction of Expert Advice on Health Risks’, Social Studies of Science 21: 257–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feron, V.J., C. Hoeksema, J.H.E. Arts, P.C. Noordam & C.L. Maas (1994) ‘A critical appraisal of the Setting and Implementation of Occupational Exposure Limits in The Netherlands’, Indoor Environment 3: 260–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujimura, J.H. (1992) ‘Crafting Science: Standarized Packages, Boundary Objects, and “Translations’”, in: A. Pickering (ed.) Science as Practice and Culture, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press; 168–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, N.G. & M. Mulkay (1984) Opening Pandora’s Box, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halffman, W. & A. van Raalte (1996) De registratieplicht gevaarlijke Stoffen geëva-lueerd, Den Haag: VUGA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Health Council of the Netherlands (1985) Advies inzake uitgangspunten voor normstelling, The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, nr. 85/31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoch, P.K. (1989) ‘The Crystalization of Stratetig Alliance: The American Physics Elite and the Military in the 1940s’, in: Mendelsohn, Rue Smith & Weingart (eds.) Science, Technology & The Military, Dordrecht: Kluwer; 87–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasanoff, S. (1986) Risk Management and Political Culture, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasanoff, S. (1990) The Fifth Branch: Science Advisers as Policymakers, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasanoff, S. (1995) Science at the Bar: Law, Science, and Technology in America, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joosting, P.E. & R.L. Zielhuis (1962) ‘Pragmatisme of Dogmatisme’, Tijdschrift voor Sociale Geneeskunde 40: 479–85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joosting, P.E. & R.L. Zielhuis (1963) ‘Nogmaals: Pragmatisme en Dogmatisme’, Tijdschrift voor Sociale Geneeskunde 41: 177–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolk, J.J. (1993) ‘MAC-waarden in Nederland: verleden, heden en toekomst’, Tijdschrift voor Sociale Gezondheidszorg 71: 112–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krücken, G. (1994) ‘Risk Regulation: some remarks on its (socio-)logic with specific reference to drug safety’, manuscript, University of Bielefeld.

    Google Scholar 

  • Labour Council (1985) Besluit tot instellen van een Commissie Grenswaarden Ge-zondheidsschadelijke Stoffen, Zoetermeer, 17–10–1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehman, A. & O. Fitzhugh (1954) ‘100-Fold margin of safety’, Association of Food and Drug Officials; Quarterly Bulletin 13: 33–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnuson, H.J., D.W. Fassett, H.W. Gerrarde, V.K. Rowe, H.F. Smyth & H.E. Stokinger (1964) ‘Industrial Toxicology in the Sovjet Union — Theoretical and Applied’, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 25: 185–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mik, G. de (1993) ‘De advieswaarden: wikken en wegen’, Tijdschrift voor Sociale Gezondheidszorg 71: 120–1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Social Affairs (1976) Tnstelling werkgroep van deskundigen ten behoeve van de in te stellen Nationale MAC-Commissie’, Staats courant, 1976, 115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Social Affairs (1977) Tnstelling Nationale MAC-Commissie’, Staatscourant, 1977, 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • National MAC committee & Dutch Expert Committe on Occupational Standards (1978) ‘Uitgangspunten bij advisering inzake MAC-waarden’, Tijdschrift voor Sociale Geneeskunde 56, supplement 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noordam, P.C. (1993) ‘Internationale aspecten van grenswaarden’, Tijdschrift voor Sociale Gezondheidzorg 71: 122–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noordam, P.C & C.I. Maas (1990) ‘Nederlandse MAC-waarden: wijze van vaststellen en niveau’s zijn toonaangevend!’, Intermediair, 30 November 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piney, M. (1989) The Development of Chemical Exposure Limits for the Workplace, Thesis, University of Aston, Birmingham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, T.M. (1995) Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life, Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rappaport, SM. (1993) ‘Threshold Limit Values, Permissible Exposure Limits, and Feasibility: The Bases for Exposure Limits in the United States’, American Journal of Industrial Medicine 23: 683–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rip, A. (1992) ‘Expert Advice and Pragmatic Rationality’, in: N. Stehr & R.V. Ericson (eds.) The Culture and Power of Knowledge, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter; 363–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roach, S.A. & S.M. Rappaport (1990) ‘But They are not Thresholds: A Critical Analysis of the Documentation of TLV’s’, American Journal of Industrial Medicine 17: 727–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, S.K. & R. Werle (1992) ‘Technical Discourse in International Stan-darization’, paper presented at 4S/EASST joint conference, 12–15 august 1992, Göteborg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shackley, S. & B. Wynne (1996) ‘Representing Uncertainty in Global Climate Change Science and Policy: Boundary-Ordering Devices and Authority’, Science, Technology & Human Values 21: 275–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapin, S. (1992) ‘Discipline and Bounding: The History and Sociology of Science as Seen throuhg the Externalism-Internalism Debate’, History of Science 30: 335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapin, S. (1997) ‘Signs of the Times’, Social Studies of Science 27: 335–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Social Economic Council (1993) Advies inzake het Voorstel van wet houdende wij-ziging van de Arbeidsomstandighedenwet en de Kernenergiewet in verband met opheffing van de Arboraad, The Hague: SEC, nr. 93/32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Star, S.L. & J.R. Griesemer (1989) ‘Institutional Ecology, Translations and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology’, Social Studies of Science 19: 387–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stijkel, A. (1992) ‘Ook het nageslacht beschermen’, in: J. Bus & J. Posthuma (eds.) MAC-waarden op de arbeidsplaats, Alphen aan den Rijn: Samsom H.D. Tjeenk Willink; 65–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stijkel, A., J. van Eijndhoven & R. Bal (1996) ‘Drafting Guidelines for Occupational Exposure to Chemicals: The Dutch Experience with the Assessment of Reproductive Risks’, American Journal of Industrial Medicine 30: 705–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stokinger, H.E. (1988) ‘Threshold Limit Values: Any Alternative?’, American Journal of Industrial Medicine 14: 231–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulenbelt, P. (1991) Omgaan met blootstelling aan chemische Stoffen, Thesis, University of Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verberk, M.M., P.E. Joosting & B. Bink (1975) ‘Effecten van chloor bij proefperso-nen’, Tijdschrift voor Sociale Geneeskunde 53: 106–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vroom, B. de (1990) Verenigde Fabrikanten, Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynne, B. (1982) Rationality and Ritual: The Windscale Inquiry and Nuclear Decision Making in Britain, Chalfon St Giles: British Society for the History of Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynne, B. (1992) ‘Carving out science (and politics) in the regulatory jungle’, Social Studies of Science 22: 745–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zald, M.N. (1978) ‘On the Social Control of Industries’, Social Forces 57: 79–102.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zielhuis, R.L. (1974) ‘Over hen, zonder hen’, Tijdschrift voor Sociale Geneeskunde, 52: 157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zielhuis, R.L. (1992) ‘Algemene inleiding’, in: J. Bus & J. Posthuma (eds.) MAC-waarden op de arbeidsplaats, Alphen aan den Rijn: Samsom H.D. Tjeenk Willink; 28–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zielhuis, R.L., P.C. Noordam, C.L. Maas, J.J. Kolk & H.P.A. Illing (1991) ‘Harmonisation of Criteria Documents for Standards Setting in Occupational Health’, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 13: 241–262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ziem, G.E. & B.I. Castleman (1989) ‘Threshold Limit Values: Historical Perspectives and Current Practice’, Journal of Occupational Medicine 31: 910–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Roland Bal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Leyden Institute for Law & Public Policy, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Roland Bal

  2. Department of Science & Technology Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Willem Halffman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bal, R. (1998). Boundary Dynamics in Dutch Standard Setting for Occupational Chemicals. In: Bal, R., Halffman, W. (eds) The Politics of Chemical Risk: Scenarios for a Regulatory Future. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9101-0_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9101-0_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4973-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9101-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation