Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Rheology of Crustal Rocks at Ultrahigh Pressure

  • Chapter
When Continents Collide: Geodynamics and Geochemistry of Ultrahigh-Pressure Rocks

Part of the book series: Petrology and Structural Geology ((PESG,volume 10))

Abstract

An improved understanding of tectonic processes in the deep levels of subduction zones and collisional belts requires information on the mechanical behavior of continental crust during ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Predictions are based on the results of experimental deformation of minerals stable at ultrahigh pressure and on the anticipated effect of pressure on deformation mechanisms. Flow laws for dislocation creep of coesite and aragonite indicate that, at ultrahigh pressure, the strength of continental material remains well below a few MPa at natural strain rates. We question the high strength that has been inferred for eclogites, based on preliminary experimental data on jadeite and on natural microstructures of omphacite. The (micro)structural record of natural UHP rocks indicates that strain localization into weak shear zones, albeit not yet identified, must be common. We propose that the presence of dense fluids or hydrous melts at grain and solid phase boundaries could accomplish deformation analogous to liquid phase sintering in ceramics. The low strength of continental material at ultrahigh pressure precludes notable shear heating, thus cool geotherms and P-T paths are implied. The low strength also places upper bounds on the stress drop of seismic events in presently subducted continental crust and limits the size of coherent subducted continental slices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ando, J., Irifune, T., Takeshita, T., and Fujino, K. (1997) Evaluation of the non-hydrostatic stress produced in a multi-anvil high pressure apparatus, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24, 139–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ando, J.-i., Fujino, K., and Takeshita, T. (1993) Dislocation microstructures in naturally deformed silicate garnets, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 80, 105–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avé Lallement, H.G. (1978) Deformation of diopside and websterite, Tectonophysics 48, 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bai, Q., Mackwell, S.J., and Kohlstedt, D.L. (1991) High-temperature creep of olivine single crystals — 1. Mechanical results for buffered samples, Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 2,441–2,463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barber, D.J., Heard, H.C., and Wenk, H.R. (1981) Deformation of dolomite single crystals from 20–800°C, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 7, 271–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barber, D.J., Wenk, H.R., and Heard, H.C. (1994) The plastic deformation of polycrystalline dolomite: comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions, Materials Science and Engineering A175, 83–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beauchesne, S. and Poirier, J.-P. (1989) Creep of barium titanate perovskite: a contribution to a systematic approach to the viscosity of the lower mantle, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 55, 187–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, P.N. and Roseboom, E.H. (1969) Melting relations of jadeite and albite to 45 kilobars with comments on melting diagrams of binary systems at high pressures, Mineralogical Society of America Special Paper 2, 151–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biino, G. and Compagnoni, R. (1992) Very-high pressure metamorphism of the Brossasco coronite metagranite, southern Dora-Maira massif, Western Alps, Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 72, 347–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boland, J.N. and Tullis, T.E. (1986) Deformation behavior of wet and dry clinopyroxenite in the brittle to ductile transition region, in B.E. Hobbs and H.C. Heard (eds.), Mineral and Rock Deformation: Laboratory Studies — The Paterson Volume, Geophysical Monograph, 36, Washington, D.C., pp. 35–49.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Boulogne, B., Cordier, P., and Doukhan, J.-C. (1988) Defects and hydrolytic weakening in ?-berlinite AlPO4; A structural analog of quartz, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 16, 250–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brace, W.F. (1980) Permeability of crystalline and argillaceous rocks, International Journal of Rock Mechancs and Mining Sciences 17, 241–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brace, W.F. and Kohlstedt, D.L. (1980) Limits on lithospheric stress imposed by laboratory experiments, Journal of Geophysical Research 85, 6,248–6,252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brace, W.F. and Martin, R.J. (1968) A test of the law of effective stress for crystalline rocks of low porosity, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 5, 415–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brenan, J. (1991) Development and maintenance of metamorphic permeability: Implications for fluid transport, in D.M. Kerrick (ed.), Contact Metamorphism, Reviews in Mineralogy, 26, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C., pp. 291–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M., Rushmer, T., and Sawyer, E.W. (1995) Introduction to special section: Mechanisms and consequences of melt segregation from crustal protliths, Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 15,551–15,563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bukowinski, M.S.T. (1994) Quantum geophysics, Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science 22, 167–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burnley, P.C., Green, H.W., and Prior, D.J. (1991) Faulting associated with the olivine to spinel transformation in Mg2GeO4 and its implications for deep-focus earthquakes, Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 425–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byerlee, J.D. (1968) Brittle-ductile transition in rocks, Journal of Geophysical Research 73, 4,741–4,750.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byerlee, J.D. (1978) Friction of rocks, Pure and Applied Geophysics 116, 615–626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cawley, J.D. and Lee, W.E. (1994) Oxide ceramics, in M. Swain (ed.), Structure and properties of ceramics, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp. 49–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chemenda, A.I., Mattauer, M., Malavieille, J., and Bokun, A.N. (1995) A mechanism for syncollisional rock exhumation and associated normal faulting: Results from physical modelling, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 132, 225–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chopin, C., Henry, C., and Michard, A. (1991) Geology and petrology of the coesite-bearing terrain, Dora Maira massif, western Alps, European Journal of Mineralogy 3, 263–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloos, M. (1993) Lithospheric buoyancy and collisional orogenesis: subduction of oceanic plateaus, continental margins, island arcs, spreading ridges, and seamounts, Geological Society of America Bulletin 105, 715–737.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, R.G. and Wang, X. (1995) Overview of the geology and tectonics of UHPM, in R.G. Coleman and X. Wang (eds.), Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 1–31.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, R.F. and Pharr, G.M. (1994) Mechanical properties of ceramics, in M. Swain (ed.), Structure and properties of ceramics, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp. 341–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, R.F. and Kohlstedt, D.L. (1984) Solution-precipitation enhanced diffusional creep of partially molten olivine-basalt aggregates during hot-pressing, Tectonophysics 107, 207–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, R.F., Kohlstedt, D.L., and Chyung, K. (1989) Solution-precipitation enhanced creep in solid-liquid aggregates which display a non-zero dihedral angle, Acta Metallurgica 37, 1,759–1,771.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cordier, P., Boulogne, B., and Doukhan, J.-C. (1988) Water precipitation and diffusion in wet quartz and wet berlinite AlPO4, Bulletin de Mineralogie 111, 113–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Bresser, J.H.P. (1996) Influence of pressure on the high temperature flow of Carrara Marble, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, Eos 77, F710.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dell’Angelo, L.N. and Olgaard, D.L. (1995) Experimental deformation of fine-grained anhydrite: Evidence for dislocation and diffusion creep, Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 15,425–15,440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dell’Angelo, L.N. and Tullis, J. (1988) Experimental deformation of partially melted granitic aggregates, Journal of Metamorphic Geology 6, 495–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Den Brok, B. and Kruhl, J.H. (1996) Ductility of garnet as an indicator of extremely high temperature deformation: Discussion, Journal of Structural Geology 18, 1,369–1,373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dove, P.M. and Rimstidt, J.D. (1994) Silica-water interactions, in P.J. Heaney, C.T. Prewitt, and G.V. Gibbs (eds.), Silica: Physical Behavior, Geochemistry, and Materials Applications, Reviews in Mineralogy, 29, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C., pp. 259–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, D. (1973) Diffusion flow laws in metamorphic rocks, Geological Society of America Bulletin 84, 2,645–2,664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, B. and Kohlstedt, D.L. (1995) Rheology of rocks, in T.J. Ahrens (ed.), Rock Physics and Phase Relations, A Handbook of Physical Constants, AGU Reference Shelf, 3, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 148–165.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Farver, J.R. and Yund, R.A. (1991) Oxygen diffusion in quartz: Dependence on temperature and water fugacity, Chemical Geology 90, 55–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald, J.D.F. and Stünitz, H. (1993) Deformation of granitoids at low metamorphic grade. I: Reactions and grain size reduction, Tectonophysics 221, 269–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fournier, M., Jolivet, L., Goffe, B., and Dubois, R. (1991) Alpine Corsica metamorphic core complex, Tectonics 10, 1,173–1,186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frost, H.J. and Ashby, M.F. (1982) Deformation-Mechanism Maps: The Plasticity and Creep of Metals and Ceramics, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fyfe, W.S., Price, N.J., and Thompson, A.B. (1978) Fluids in the Earth’s crust, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garem, H., Rabier, J., and Veyssiere, P. (1982) Slip systems in gadolinium, gallium garnet single crystals, Journal of Material Science 17, 878–884.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gebauer, D., Schertl, H.-P., Brix, M., and Schreyer, W. (1997) 35 Ma old ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and evidence for very rapid exhumation in the Dora Maira massif, Western Alps, Lithos 41, 5–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • German, R.M. (1996) The microstructures of liquid phase sintered materials, in R.M. German, G.L. Messing, and R.G. Cornwall (eds.), Sintering Technology, Marcel Decker Inc, New York, pp. 213–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, G.C. and Green, H.W. (1996) Effect of differential stress on the albite to jadeite + coesite transition at confining pressures of > 3 GPa, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, Eos 77, F662.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, G.C. and Tullis, J. (1995) A flow law for dislocation creep of quartz aggregates determined with the molten salt cell, Tectonophysics 247, 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godard, G. and van Roermund, H. (1995) Deformation-induced clinopyroxene fabrics from eclogites, Journal of Structural Geology 17, 1,425–1,443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goetze, C. and Evans, B. (1979) Stress and temperature in the bending lithosphere as constrained by experimental rock mechanics, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomic Society 59, 463–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grawinkel, A. and Stöckhert, B. (1997) Hydrostatic pore fluid pressure to 9 km depth — Fluid inclusion evidence from the KTB deep drill hole, Geophysical Research Letters 24, 3,273–3,276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, H.W. and Burnley, P.C. (1989) The mechanism of failure responsible for deep-focus earthquakes, Nature 341, 733–737.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, H.W. and Zhou, Y. (1996) Transformation-induced faulting requires an exothermic reaction and explains the cessation of earthquakes at the base of the mantle transition zone, Tectonophysics 256, 39–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griggs, D.T. (1967) Hydrolytic weakening of quartz and other silicates, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society London 14, 19–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, B.R. (1996) Eclogite formation and the rheology, buoyancy, seismicity, and H2O content of oceanic crust, in G.E. Bebout, Scholl, D., Kirby, S.H., Platt, J.P. (ed.), Dynamics of Subduction, Monograph, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 337–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, B.R. (1997) Diagenesis and the fault-valve seismicity of crustal faults, Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 24,459–24,467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, B.R. and Christie, J.M. (1990) Brittle/ductile and plastic/cataclastic transitions in experimentally deformed and metamorphosed amphibolite, AGU Monograph 56, 127–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, B.R. and Christie, J.M. (1991) Observational evidence for a possible new diffusion path, Science 251, 67–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, B.R. and Kirby, S.H. (1990) Effect of stress and deformation on albite breakdown, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, Eos 71, 639.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, B.R. and Kirby, S.H. (1993) High-pressure deformation of calcite marble and its transformation to aragonite under non-hydrostatic conditions, Journal of Structural Geology 15, 1207–1222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, B.R. and Peacock, S.M. (1994) Creation, preservation, and exhumation of coesite-bearing, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks, in R.G. Coleman and X. Wang (eds.), Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 159–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, B.R., Ratschbacher, L., Webb, L., and Dong, S. (1995) What brought them up? Exhumation of the Dabie Shan ultrahigh-pressure rocks, Geology 23, 743–746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hams, S. (1993) Experimental study of transformation plasticity during the II–I-phase-transition of potassium nitrate as an analog to the aragonite-calcite transformation. Ph. D. Thesis. Bochum, p. 136. Ruhr University, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handy, M.R. (1994) Flow laws for rocks containing two non-linear viscous phases: A phenomenological approach, Journal of Structural Geology 16, 287–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harley, S.L. and Carswell, D.A. (1995) Ultradeep crustal metamorphism: A prospective view, Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 8367–8380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heard, H.C. (1976) Comparison of the flow properties of rocks at crustal conditions, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London A283, 173–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henry, C., Michard, A., and Chopin, C. (1993) Geometry and structural evolution of ultra-highpressure and high-pressure rocks from the Dora-Maira Massif, Western Alps, Italy, Journal of Structural Geology 15, 965–981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hickman, S.H. and Evans, B. (1991) Experimental pressure solution in halite, 1: The effect of grain/interphase boundary structure, Journal of the Geological Society of London 148, 549–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hickman, S.H. and Evans, B. (1995) Kinetics of pressure solution at halite-silica interfaces and intergranular films, Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 13,113–13,132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirth, G. and Tullis, J. (1994) The brittle-plastic transition in experimentally deformed quartz aggregates, Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 11,731–11,747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holness, M.B. (1992) Equilibrium dihedral angles in the system quartz-H2O-O2_NaCl at 800°C and 1–15 kbar: the effect of pressure and fluid composition on the permeability of quartzites, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 114, 171–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holness, M.B. (1993) Temperature and pressure dependence of quartz-aqueous fluid dihedral angles: the control of adsorbed H2O on the permeability of quartzites, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 117, 363–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, W.-L. and Wyllie, P.J. (1975) Melting and subsolidus phase relationships for CaSiO3 to 35 kilobars pressure, American Mineralogist 60, 213–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huenges, E., Erzinger, J., Kück, J., Engeser, B., and Kessels, W. (1997) The permeable crust: Geohydraulic properties down to 9101 m depth, Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 18,255–18,265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingrin, J. and Gillet, P. (1986) TEM investigation of the crystal microstructures in a quartz-coesite assemblage of the Western Alps, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13, 325–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaeger, J.C. and Cook, N.G.W. (1984) Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, 3rd. ed., Chapman and Hall, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaoul, O. (1990) Multicomponent diffusion and creep in olivine, Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 17,631–17,642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaoul, O., Tullis, J., and Kronenberg, A.K. (1984) The effect of varying water contents on the creep behaviour of Heavitree quartzite, Journal of Geophysical Research 89, 4,298–4,312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jesser, W.A. and Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, D. (1972) The flow stress and dislocation structure of nickel deformed at very high pressure, Material Science and Engineering 9, 111–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ji, S. and Martignole, J. (1994) Ductility of garnet as an indicator of extremely high temperature deformation, Journal of Structural Geology 16, 985–996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ji, S. and Zhao, P. (1993) Flow laws of multiphase rocks calculated from experimental data on the constituent phases, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 117, 181–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ji, S. and Zhao, P. (1994) Strength of two-phase rocks: a model based on fiber-loading theory, Journal of Structural Geology 16, 253–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin, Z.-M., Green, H.W., and Zhou, Y. (1994) Melt topology during dynamic partial melting of peridotite, Nature 372, 164–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karato, S.-i. and Rubie, D.C. (1997) Towards an experimental study of deep mantle rheology: a new multi-anvil sample assembly for deformation studies under high pressures and temperatures, Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 20,111–20,122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karato, S.-i., Wang, Z., Liu, B., and Fujino, K. (1995) Plastic deformation of garnets: systematics and implications for the rheology of the mantle transition zone, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 130, 13–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby, S.H. and Kronenberg, A.K. (1984) Deformation of clinopyroxenite: Evidence for a transition in flow mechanisms and semibrittle behavior, Journal of Geophysical Research 89, 3,177–3,192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirby, S.H., Stein, S., Okal, E.A., and Rubie, D.C. (1996) Metastable mantle phase transformations and deep earthquakes in subducting oceanic lithosphere, Reviews of Geophysics 34, 261–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby, S.H. and Stern, L.A. (1993) Experimental dynamic metamorphism of mineral single crystals, Journal of Structural Geology 15, 1,223–1,240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlstedt, D.L., Evans, B., and Mackwell, S.J. (1995) Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints imposed by laboratory experiments, Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 17,587–17,602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konrad, K. (1997) Experimental deformation of synthetic, polycrystalline aragonite aggregates. thesis. Bochum. Ruhr University, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kronenberg, A.K. and Tullis, J. (1984) Flow strengths of quartz aggregates: grain size and pressure effects due to hydrolytic weakening, J Geophys Res 89, 4281–4297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Küster, M. and Stöckhert, B. (1997) Density changes of fluid inclusions in high-pressure low temperature metamorphic rocks from Crete — a thermobarometric approach based on the creep strength of the host minerals, Lithos 41, 151–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Küster, M. and Stöckhert, B. (in press) High differential stress and sublithostatic pore fluid pressure in the ductile regime — microstructural evidence for short term postseismic creep in the Sesia Zone, Western Alps, Tectonophysics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laporte, D. (1994) Wetting behavior of partial melts during crustal anatexis: the distribution of hydrous silicic melts in polycrystalline aggregates of quartz, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 116, 486–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laporte, D. and Watson, E.B. (1991) Direct observation of near-equilibrium pore geometry in synthetic quartzites at 600 °C-800 °C and 2–10.5 kbar, Journal of Geology 99, 873–878.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laporte, D. and Watson, E.B. (1995) Experimental and theoretical constraints on melt distribution in crustal sources: the effect of crystalline anisotropy on melt interconnectivity, Chemical Geology 124, 161–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, V.W., Mackwell, S.J., and Brantley, S.L. (1991) The effect of fluid chemistry on wetting textures in novaculite, Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 10,023–10,037.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lockner, D.A. (1995) Rock failure, in T.J. Ahrens (ed.), Rock Physics and Phase Relations, A Handbook of Physical Constants, AGU Reference Shelf, 3, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 127–147.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Luan, F.C. and Paterson, M.S. (1992) Preparation and deformation of synthetic aggregates of quartz, Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 301–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mancktelow, N.S. (1993) Tectonic overpressure in competent mafic layers and the development of isolated eclogites, Journal of Metamorphic Geology 11, 801–812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manning, C.E. (1994) The solubility of quartz in H2O in the lower crust and upper mantle, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, 4,831–4,839.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCaffrey, R., Molnar, P., and Roecker, S.W. (1985) Microearthquake seismicity and fault plane solutions related to arc-continent collision in the eastern Sunda Arc, Indonesia, Journal of Geophysical Research 90, 4511–4528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meike, A. (1993) A critical review of investigations into transformation plasticity, in J.N. Boland and J.D. Fitzgerald (eds.), Defects and Processes in the Solid State, The McLaren Volume, Elsevier Science, New York, pp. 5–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michard, A., Henry, C., and Chopin, C. (1995) Structures in UHPM rocks: A case study from the Alps, in R.G. Coleman and X. Wang (eds.), Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism, 132–158, Cambridge University Press, Stanford

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mirwald, P.W. and Massonne, H.-J. (1980) The low-high quartz and quartz-coesite transition to 40 kbar between 600 and 1600 °C and some reconnaissance data on the effect of NaAlO2component on the low quartz-coesite transition, Journal of Geophysical Research 85, 6,983–6,990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar, P. and England, P. (1990) Temperatures, heat flux, and frictional stress near major thrust faults, Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 4,833–4,856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar, P. and Gray, D. (1979) Subduction of continental lithosphere: some constraints and uncertainties, Geology 7, 58–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nachtrieb, N.H. and Coston, C. (1965) Self-diffusion in tin at high pressure, in C.T. Tomizuka and R.M. Emrick (eds.), Physics of Solids at High Pressures, Academic Press, New York, pp. 336–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olgaard, D.L. (1990) The role of second phase in localizing deformation, in R.J. Knipe and E.H. Rutter (eds.), Deformation, Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics, Geological Society Special Publication, 54, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 175–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olgaard, D.L., Ko, S., and Wong, T. (1995) Deformation and pore pressure in dehydrating gypsum under transiently drained conditions, Tectonophysics 245, 237–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, M.S. (1978) Experimental Rock Deformation — The Brittle Field, Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, M.S. (1983) Creep in transforming polycrystalline materials, Mechanics of Materials 2, 103–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, M.S. (1987) Problems in the extrapolation of laboratory rheological data, Tectonophysics 133, 33–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, M.S. (1990) Superplasticity in geological materials, in M.J. Mayo, M. Kobayashi, and J. Wadsworth (eds.), Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics, and Intermetallics, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 196, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, pp. 303–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, S.M. (1992) Blueschist-facies metamorphism, shear heating, and P-T-t paths in subduction shear zones, Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 17,693–17,707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, S.M. (1993) Large-scale hydration of the lithosphere above subducting slabs, Chemical Geology 108, 49–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, S.M. (1996) Thermal and petrologic structure of subduction zones, in G.E. Bebout, D.W. Scholl, S.H. Kirby, and J.P. Platt (eds.), Subduction Top to Bottom, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 119–134.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Philippot, P. (1993) Fluid-melt-rock interaction in mafic eclogites and coesite-bearing metasediments; constraints on volatile recycling during subduction, Chemical Geology 108, 93–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philippot, P., Chevallier, P., Chopin, C., and Dubessy, J. (1995) Fluid composition and evolution in cœesite-bearing rocks (Dora-Maira massif, Western Alps): Implications for element recycling during subduction, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 121, 29–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philippot, P. and van Roermund, H.L.M. (1992) Deformation processes in eclogitic rocks: evidence for the rheological delamination of the oceanic crust in deeper levels of subduction zones, Journal of Structural Geology 14, 1059–1077.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poirier, J.P. (1982) On transformation plasticity, Journal of Geophysical Research 87, 6,791–6,797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poirier, J.P. (1985) Creep of crystals: high-temperature deformation processes in metals, ceramics, and minerals, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Poirier, J.P. (1995) Plastic rheology of crystals, in T.J. Ahrens (ed.), Rock Physics and Phase Relations, A Handbook of Physical Constants, AGU Reference Shelf, 2, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 237–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Post, A.D., Tullis, J., and Yund, R.A. (1996) Effects of chemical environment on dislocation creep of quartzite, Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 22,143–22,155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabkin, E. (1994) Thin films on grain boundaries in metals and ceramics and their importance for the properties of the materials, in J. Nowotny (ed.), Science of Ceramic Interfaces, II, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 371–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabkin, E., Ma, C.Y., and Gust, W. (1994) Diffusion induced grain boundary phenomena in metals and oxide ceramics, in J. Nowotny (ed.), Science of Ceramic Interfaces, II, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 353–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raterron, P., Doukhan, N., Jaoul, O., and Doukhan, J.C. (1994) High temperature deformation of diopside; IV, Predominance of <110> glide above 1000 degrees C, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 82, 209–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raterron, P., Ingrin, J., Jaoul, O., Doukhan, N., and Elie, F. (1995) Early partial melting of diopside under high pressure, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 89, 77–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinecke, T. (1991) Very-high-pressure metamorphism and uplift of cœesite-bearing sediments from the Zermatt-Saas zone, Western Alps, European Journal of Mineralogy 3, 7–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renner, J. (1996) Experimental investigations on the rheology of coesite. Bochum, p. 178. Ruhr University, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renner, J. and Rummel, F. (1996) The effect of experimental and microstructural parameters on the transition from brittle failure to cataclastic flow of carbonate rocks, Tectonophysics 258, 151–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renner, J., Rummel, F., and Stöckhert, B. (1996) Experimental deformation of synthetic coesite aggregates, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, Eos 46, F717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renner, J., Zerbian, A., and Stöckhert, B. (1997) Microstructures of synthetic coesite polycrystals — The effect of pressure, temperature, and time, Lithos 41, 169–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roecker, S.W. (1982) Velocity structure of the Pamir-Hindu Kush region: possible evidence of subducted crust, Journal of Geophysical Research 87, 945–959.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rubie, D.C. (1983) Reaction-enhanced ductility: the role of solid-solid univariant reactions in deformation of the crust and mantle, Tectonophysics 96, 331–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rushmer, T. (1995) An experimental deformation study of partially molten amphibolite: Application of low-melt fraction segregation, Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 15,681–15,695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, E.H. (1983) Pressure solution in nature, theory and experiment, Journal of the Geological Society of London 140, 725–740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, E.H. and Brodie, K.H. (1992) Rheology of the lower crust, in D.M. Fountain, R. Arculus, and R.W. Kay (eds.), Continental lower crust, Developments in Geotectonics, 23, Elsevier, New York, pp. 201–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, E.H. and Neumann, D.H.K. (1995) Experimental deformation of partially molten Westerly granite under fluid absent conditions, with implications for the extraction of granitic magmas, Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 15,697–15,715.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybacki, E., Renner, J., Konrad, K., Harbott, W., Stöckhert, B., and Rummel, F. (in press) A servohydraulically controlled deformation apparatus for rock deformation under conditions of ultra-high pressure metamorphism, Pure and Applied Geophysics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybacki, E., Rummel, F., and Stöckhert, B. (1995) Synthesis and experimental deformation of polycrystalline aragonite, Bochumer Geologische und Geotechnische Arbeiten 44, 189–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sammis, C.G., Smith, J.C., and Schubert, G. (1981) A critical assessment of estirnation methods for activation volumes, Journal of Geophysical Research 86, 10,707–10,718.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schertl, H.P., Schreyer, W., and Chopin, C. (1991) The pyrope-cœesite rocks and their country rocks at Parigi, Dora-Maira Massif, Western Alps: detailed petrography, mineral chemistry and PT-path, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 108, 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S.M. (1982) Microfabric studies as indicators of deformation mechanisms and flow laws operative in mountain building, in K.J. Hsü (ed.), Mountain Building Processes, Academic Press, London, pp. 95–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S.M., Boland, J.N., and Paterson, M.S. (1977) Superplastic flow in finegrained limestone, Tectonophysics 43, 257–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S.M., Paterson, M.S., and Boland, J.N. (1980) High temperature flow and dynamic recrystallization in Carrara marble, Tectonophysics 65, 245–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholz, C. (1990) The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting, Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreyer, W. (1995) Ultradeep metamorphic rocks: The retrospective viewpoint, Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 8353–8366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schreyer, W., Massonne, H.J., and Chopin, C. (1987) Continental crust subducted to depths near 100 km: implications for magma and fluid genesis in collision zones, in B.O. Mysen (ed.), Magmatic Processes: Physiochemical Principles, 1, Geochemical Society, University Park, pp. 155–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, S. and Stöckhert, B. (1996) Pressure solution in siliciclastic HP-LT metamorphic rocks — constraints on the state of stress in deep levels of accretionary complexes, Tectonophysics 255, 203–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seeger, A. and Haasen, P. (1958) Density changes of crystals containing dislocations, Philosophical Magazine 3, 470–475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, Z.D., Essene, E.J., and Hunziker, J.C. (1993) Stable isotope geochemistry and phase equilibria of coesite-bearing whiteschists, Dora Maira Massif, western Alps, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 114, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shatsky, V.S., Sobolev, N.V., and Vavilov, M.A. (1995) Diamond-bearing metamorphic rocks of the Kokchetav massif (Northern Kazakhstan), in R.G. Coleman and X. Wang (eds.), Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism, Cambridge University Press, Stanford, pp. 427–455.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, T.M. and Duncombe, P.R. (1991) Forces between aluminum oxide grains in a silicate melt and their effect on grain boundary wetting, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 74, 2,495–2,505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shimada, M. (1993) Lithosphere strength inferred from fracture strength of rocks at high confining pressures and temperatures, Tectonophysics 217, 55–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sibson, R.H. (1990) Conditions for fault-valve behavior, Geological Society of London Special Publication 54, 15–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqi, G., Evans, B., Dresen, G., and Freund, D. (1997) Effect of semibrittle deformation on transport properties of calcite rocks, Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 14,765–14,778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, C. (1985) Deformation of granitic rocks across the brittle-ductile transition, Journal of Structural Geology 7, 503–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stöckhert, B., Massonne, H.-J., and Nowlan, E.U. (1997) Low differential stress during highpressure metamorphism: The microstructural record of a metapelite from the eclogite zone, Tauern Window, Eastern Alps, Lithos 41, 103–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stöckhert, B., Wachmann, M., Küster, M., and Bimmermann, S. (in press) Low effective viscosity during high-pressure metamorphism due to dissolution precipitation creep: The record of HPLT-metamorphic carbonates and siliciclastic rocks from Crete, Tectonophysics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stöckhert, B., Wachmann, M., and Schwarz, S. (1995) Rheology and structural evolution of highpressure, low-temperature metamorphic rocks, Bochumer Geologische und Geotechnische Arbeiten 44, 235–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Theye, T. and Seidel, E. (1993) Uplift-related retrogression history of aragonite marbles in Western Crete (Greece), Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 114, 349–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tingle, T.N., Green, H.W., Young, T.E., and Koczynski, T.A. (1993) Improvements to Griggs-type apparatus for mechanical testing at high pressures and temperatures, Pure and Applied Geophysics 141, 523–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tullis, J., Dell’Angelo, L., and Yund, R.A. (1990) Ductile shear zones from brittle precursors in feldspathic rocks: the role of dynamic recrystallization, in A.G. Duba, W.B. Durham, J.W. Handin, and H.F. Wang (eds.), The Brittle-Ductile Transition in Rocks, Geophysical Monograph, 56, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 67–82.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tullis, J. and Yund, R.A. (1982) Grain growth kinetics of quartz and calcite aggregates, Journal of Geology 90, 301–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tullis, J. and Yund, R.A. (1991) Diffusion creep in feldspar aggregates: experimental evidence, Journal of Structural Geology 13, 987–1000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tullis, J., Yund, R.A., and J., F. (1996) Deformation-enhanced fluid distribution in feldspar aggregates and implications for ductile shear zones, Geology 24, 63–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tullis, T.E. and Tullis, J. (1986) Experimental Rock Deformation Techniques, in B.E. Hobbs and H.C. Heard (eds.), Mineral and Rock Deformation: Laboratory Studies — The Paterson Volume, Geophysical Monograph, 36, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 297–324.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Twiss, R.J. (1977) Theory and applicability of a recrystallized grain size paleopiezometer, Pure and Applied Geophysics 115, 227–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urai, J.L. (1983) Water assisted dynamic recrystallization and weakening in polycrystalline bischoffite, Tectonophysics 96, 125–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van den Beukel, J. (1992) Some thermomechanical aspects of the subduction of continental lithosphere, Tectonics 11, 316–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van den Beukel, J. and Wortel, R. (1988) Thermo-mechanical modelling of arc-trench regions, Tectonophysics 154, 177–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Klauw, S.N., Reinecke, T., and Stöckhert, B. (1997) Exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic oceanic crust from Lago di Cignana, Piemontese zone, western Alps: the structural record in metabasites, Lithos 41, 79–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Roermund, H.L.M. and Boland, J.N. (1981) The dislocation substructures of naturally deformed omphacites, Tectonophysics 78, 403–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, R.H. and Flood, R.H. (1987) Contrasting deformation and metamorphism of S- and I-type granitoids in the Lachlan Fold Belt, Eastern Australia, Tectonophysics 147, 127–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voll, G. (1976) Recrystallization of quartz, biotite and feldspars from Erstfeld to the Leventina Nappe, Swiss Alps, and its geological significance, Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 56, 641–647.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wachmann, M. (1997) Structural evolution of high-pressure metamorphic carbonate rocks at Agios Theodori, SW-Crete, Bochumer Geologische und Geotechnische Arbeiten 48, 1–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z., Bai, Q., Dresen, G., Wirth, R., and Evans, B. (1996) High temperature deformation of calcite single crystals, Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 20,377–20,390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, B. and Brenan, J.M. (1987) Fluids in the lithosphere, 1. Experimentally-determined wetting characteristics of CO2_H2O fluids and their implications for fluid transport, host-rock physical properties, and fluid inclusion formation, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 85, 497–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, S.H., Burrows, S.E., Carreras, J., Shaw, N.D., and Humphreys, F.J. (1980) On mylonites in ductile shear zones, Journal of Structural Geology 2, 175–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D.W. and Kennedy, G.C. (1969) Melting curve of diopside to 50 kilobars, Journal of Geophysical Research 74, 4,359–4,366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirth, R. and Stöckhert, B. (1995) Transformation of coesite to quartz: microstructures in nature and experiment, Bochumer Geologische und Geotechnische Arbeiten 44, 260–262.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Group “High Pressure Metamorphism in Nature and Experiment”, Faculty of Geosciences, Ruhr-University, D-44780, Bochum, Germany

    Bernhard Stöckhert & Jörg Renner

Authors
  1. Bernhard Stöckhert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jörg Renner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Geological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA

    Bradley R. Hacker

  2. Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA

    Juhn G. Liou

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stöckhert, B., Renner, J. (1998). Rheology of Crustal Rocks at Ultrahigh Pressure. In: Hacker, B.R., Liou, J.G. (eds) When Continents Collide: Geodynamics and Geochemistry of Ultrahigh-Pressure Rocks. Petrology and Structural Geology, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9050-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9050-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4028-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9050-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation