Abstract
There are a lot of very influential pictures/metaphors concerning time, e.g., the idea of time as passing, as a stream that flows or as a sea over which we advance. Usually we think that time is something one-dimensional. Only in the case of time-branching do we accept two-dimensional graphical pictures as representations of time. The theory of relativity illustrates the advantages of replacing the two separate notions of space and time by a unified notion of space-time. Therefore, we obtain — with three space dimensions and one for time — a four-dimensional space-time manifold. There are many investigations of natural language tense-expressions by linguists assuming that negations of temporal sentences can be represented as a time switch. Using a straight line as the picture of time a time switch is nothing else than a rotation of a segment of this line around a given point of the same line. This picture depends on the presupposition that time must be represented as a continuum.
Time has frequently struck philosohers as mysterious.
J. J. C. Smart
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
M. Bergmann Presupposition and two-dimensional logic. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 30: 61–69, 1981.
M. Bergmann Expressibility in two-dimensional language for presupposition. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 6: 23–27, 1982.
N. da Costa and S. French. A note on temporal logic. Bulletin of the Section of Symbolic Logic, 18 (2): 51–55, 1989.
O. Ducrot. Dire et Ne Pas Dire. Paris, 1972.
L. Karttunen. Counterfactual conditionals. Linguistic Inquiry, 2: 566–569, 1971.
L. Karttunen and S. Peters. Conventional implicature in Montague grammar. In Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society (BLS I), pages 266–278, 1975.
L. Karttunen and S. Peters. Conventional implicature. In D. A. Dinneen and C.-K. Oh, editors, Syntax and Semantics vol. 11: Presupposition, pages 1–56. New York, 1979.
S. Lesniewski. Grundzüge eines neuen Systems der Grundlagen der Mathematik. Fundamenta Mathematicae, 14: 1–81, 1929.
S. Löbner. Wahr neben Falsch. Duale Operatoren als die Quantoren natürlicher Sprache. Niemeyer, Tübingen, 1990.
J. Lukasiewicz. On variable functors of propositional arguments. In Jan Lukasiewicz, Selected Works, pages 311–324. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1970.
I. Max. Zur Explikation der Modaloperatoren von S5 mittels G-Funktorenvariablen. In E. Dölling, editor, Logik in der Semantik - Semantik in der Logik, pages 123–133. Berlin, 1987.
I. Max. Generalized variable functors representing paraconsistent operators. In G. Meggle and U. Wessels, editors, Analyomen 1. Proceedings of the 1st Conference “Perspectives in Analytical Philosophy”, pages 88–97. de Gruyter, Berlin/New York, 1994.
I. Max. External, restricted external, and internal negations in a two-dimensional logic. In H. Wansing, editor, Negation. A Notion in Focus, pages 59–85. de Gruyter, Berlin/New York, 1996.
C. A. Meredith and A. N. Prior. Modal logic with functorial variables and a contingent constant. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 6: 99–109, 1965.
R. Pasch. Negationshaltige Konnektive–Eine Studie zu den Bedeutungen von ohne daß, statt daß, “Negation… sondern” und weder noch. Linguistische Studien des Zentralinstituts für Sprachwissenschaft, Series A, (143): 63–171, 1986.
A. N. Prior. Past, Present and Future. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1967.
A. N. Prior. “Now.”; “Now” corrected and condensed. Nous, 2: 101–119; 411412, 1968.
A. N. Prior. Article “Logic, Modal”. In P. Edward, editor, The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, pages 5–12. Macmillan, New York/London, 1972. First edition 1967.
N. Rescher and A. Urquhart. Temporal Logic. Springer, Wien/New York, 1971.
L. S. Rogowski. Directional logic and Hegel’s thesis on the contradiction of change. Prace Wydzialu Filologizno-Filozoficznego TNT,15(2):5–32.
L. S. Rogowski. The logical sense of Hegel’s concept of change and movement. Studia Filozoficne,6(27):3–29. (In Polish).
W. Stelzner. Effektive epistemische Logik. Leipzig, 1979. ( Habilitation).
K. Turzynski. The temporal functors in the directional logic of Rogowski —some results. Bulletin of the Section of Symbolic Logic, 19 (1): 30–32, 1990.
P. Øhrstrom and P. F. V. Hasle. Temporal Logic — From Ancient Ideas to Artificial Intelligence. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1996. (Quotations from Draft 2, January 1995 ).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Max, I. (1997). Dimensions of Time. In: Faye, J., Scheffler, U., Urchs, M. (eds) Perspectives on Time. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol 189. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8875-1_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8875-1_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4774-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-8875-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive