Impacts of Mobility and Transport Policy

Abstract

Transport does not only create congestion in many countries, but also imposes itself in many other ways on society. The environmental impacts range from local effects such as traffic noise, odour, vibration, lead, benzene, community severence and visual intrusion, through a range of transboundary effects such as nitrogen oxide (NO_X) emissions, to global pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO₂). It is often seen as a major influence on location decisions and on the spatial distribution of economic development. Additionally, there are efficiency considerations within transport itself especially concerning sub-optimal levels of congestion which waste time and other resources.