Abstract
Recent books on Cai Yuanpei do not examine in detail his impact on the development of Chinese science and technology. This article emphasizes Cai’s ties to the natural and applied sciences, excluding the humanities and social sciences.
Journal of Dialectics of Nature IV(1) (1982) 49–56; IV(2) (1982) 58-64.
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Notes
Cai Yuanpei, ‘Notes’, unpublished manuscript.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Cai Yuanpei, ‘My Experience in Educational Circles,’ Cosmic Wind (Yu Zhou Feng), Vol. 55 (December, 1937).
Cai Yuanpei, ‘Autobiographical chronicle,’ unpublished manuscript.
Ibid.
Information from the archives of Karl Marx University in Germany, as cited in Tao Yinghui, A Chronicle of Cai Yuanpei (Cai Yuanpei Nian Pu), part 1.
According to Cai Yuanpei’s letter of October 26, 1911, to Wu Jingen. A photocopy is in the Collected Works of Cai Yuanpei (Cai Yuanpei Xian Sheng Quan Ji), compiled by Sun Changwei.
In the summer of 1913, Cai returned to China to participate in the’ second revolution.’ He soon went back to Europe.
Cai Yuanpei, op. cit., note 1.
Ibid.
See Gao Pingshu, A Chronicle of Cai Yuanpei (Cai Yuanpei Nian Pu). China Book Company, 1980, p. 61.
Cai Yuanpei, ‘Introduction and Explanation of the Self-Study University of Hunan,’ New Education (Xin Jiao Yu), Vol. 5, no. 1 (August 1922).
Cai Yuanpei et al., ‘Views on the Preparations for Hangzhou University’, Journal of Education (Jiao Yu Za Zhi), Vol. 15, no. 3 (March 1923).
Cai Yuanpei, ‘A Comment on the Separate Establishment of National and Provincial Universities’, New Education (Xin Jiao Yu), Vol. 5, no. 3 (October 1922).
Cai Yuanpei, ‘Thirty-five Years of New Culture in China, in Thirty-five Years of Chinese Education (Zui Jin San Shi Wu Nian Lai Zhi Zhong Guo Jiao Yu), Commencal Press, 1931.
See the ‘Regulations of the Committee for Technological Cooperation’ (mimeograph), the roster of the Shanghai Branch of the Committee for Technological Cooperation (letter press printing), and the letter of appointment issued by Prime Minister Wang Zhaoming on March 1, 1932, which “invites Mr. Cai Yuanpei to serve as a standing member of the Committee for Technological Cooperation.”
At that time, regulations limited the number of colleges within each university to eight: liberal arts, science, engineering, agriculture, law, medicine, and education.
Proposals of the Fifth National Congress of the Kuomintang in China (Zhong Guo Guo Min Dang Di Wu Ci Quan Guo Dai Biao Da Hui Ti An) (2), proposal number 85.
Cai Yuanpei, op. cit., note 1.
Cai Yuanpei, On School Curricula (Xue Tang Jiao Ke Lun). Shanghai: General Books Publishing House, 1901, pp. 7-8, 11.
Cai Yuanpei, ‘My Views on the New Education,’ Communiques of the Temporary Government (Lin Shi Zheng Fu Gong Bao), number 13 (Februray 11, 1912), pp. 14-16.
See the ‘Regulations for Middle Schools’ in the ‘Regulations for School Department in Hubei, pp. 1-20; and ‘Regulations for Middle Schools and Detailed Regulations for Implementation’ issued by the Ministry of Education (September and December, 1912) in Collection of Laws and Regulations for Education (Jiao Yu Fa Gui Hui Bian (May 5, 1920), pp. 183-195.
Cai Yuanpei et al., ‘A Letter to Provincial Administrations on the Enrollment of Chinese Workers to go to France,’ in The Movement to Educate Students in Europe. Tours, France: World Society, Autumn, 1916, pp. 82-83.
Wu Yuzhang, ‘In Memory of Cai Jiemin,’ in Chinese Culture (Zhong Guo Wen Hua), Vol. 1, no. 2 (April, 1940, Yanan edition).
Cai Yuanpei, ‘My Experiences in Peking University,’ Oriental Journal (Dong Fang Za Zhi), Vol. 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1934).
Cai Yuanpei, ‘The Present Ideal and Educational Tendencies in China,’ (April 9, 1924, English typescript) pp. 4-6.
Cai Yuanpei et al., op cit., note 14.
Cai Yuanpei,’ speech at the Ceremony Awarding Honorary Doctorates to Painlevé and Others at Peking University,’ Peking University Daily (Beijing Da Xue Ri Kan), no. 687 (September 4, 1920), p. 2.
Cai Yuanpei, op. cit., note 1.
Cai Yuanpei, ‘Preparations for Dr. Einstein’s Visit to China’, Peking University Daily (Beijing Da Xue Ri Kan), no. 1107 (November 14, 1922), pp. 1-2.
‘Announcements of Public Lectures on Einstein’s Theory, Sponsored by Peking University,’ Ibid., no. 1112 (November 20, 1922), p. 1.
Xin Yun, ‘Why Einstein Didn’t Come,’ Morning News (Zao Chen Fu Kan), Supplement, January 15, 1923, p. 4.
Liu Xian, ed., Twenty Years of Chinese Science (Zhong Guo Ke Xue Er Shi Nian). Science Society of China, 1937, p. 3.
‘Looking Back at the 1916 Society,’ Journal of ‘Wissenschaft’ (Xue Yi), Vol. 5, no. 2 (May 1, 1923).
Zhu Kezhen,’ science Society of China,’ in Encyclopedia of Education (Jiao Yu Da Ci Shu). Commercial Press, 1930, p. 78.
The goal of the first fundraising campaign was 50,000 yuan. The interest was to be used to establish an office and library and to publish a journal.
A photocopy of the manuscript was reproduced on the first page of “General Regulations for Raising Funds for the Science Society of China.”.
’speech by Cai Yuanpei, Chairman of the Annual Conference,’ Records of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Science Society of China (Zhong Guo Ke Xue She Di Shi Wu Ci Nian Hui Ji Shi Lu) (October, 1930), pp. 5-7.
Lu Zuofu’s letter of May 7, 1932, to Cai Yuanpei, and Cai’s letters of introduction for Lu. Manuscript.
‘Communiqué of the Academy of Universities,’ no. 1 (January, 1928), pp. 11-13.
‘Third Report of the Board of the Foundation for Chinese Education and Culture’ (letter press printing), p. 7; “Fourth Report of the Board of the Foundation for Chinese Education and Culture” (letter press printing), p. 2.
‘Mr. Cai Jiemin’s Views on the Use of the Indemnity Returned by Britian,’ Peking University Daily (Beijing Da Xue Ri Kan), no. 1457 (April 29, 1924), pp. 1-3.
Cai Yuanpei, ‘Memorandum Concerning the Disposal of the Boxer Indemnity Fund,’ in The Boxer Indemnity and Chinese Education (issued by the Chinese Association for the Promotion of Education, London, 1924), pp. 33-34. (This item is not printed in the Chinese version.)
The first return of the Boxer indemnity from the U.S., implemented in 1908, amounted to about U.S. $28,922,000. According to the exchange of diplomatic notes at that time, the money was to be used to estabish Tsinghua College and to cover the cost of sending students to study in the United States. From 1929, the government entrusted the Board of the Foundation for Chinese Education and Culture with the administration of the budget and administrative costs of Tsinghua University.
Shen Bao, September 2, 1924.
The sums and descriptions given above are based on ‘A Survey of the Board of the Foundation for Chinese Education and Culture’ (letter press printing), September, 1933; ‘Third, Fourth, Eighth, and Eleventh Reports of the Board of the Foundation for Chinese Education and Culture’ (letter press pringing); “Records of the Annual Meetings of the Board of the Foundation for Chinese Education and Culture” (mimeograph).
Before the reorganization of the Foundation in 1927, only about 697,400 Chinese yuan had been allocated.
Before the reorganization of the Foundation in 1927, only about 210,000 Chinese yuan and U.S. $7,300 had been allocated for such expenses.
Established in memory of Fan Yuanlian (whose courtesy name was Jingsheng), a former board member.
Before Secretary-General Yang Quan was assassinated, there were only four people in the Shanghai Office: Cai, Yang, Lin Yutang (the chief editor for Western languages) and Ma Siguang (the secretary). After Yan’s assassination, Lin went to the United States, and only Cai, Ma, and a copyist remained.
Cai Yuanpei, ‘General Outline of the Work of the Academia Sinica,’ in the’ second Report of the Evaluation Committee of the Academia Sinica,’ 1937, pp. 108-111.
The description of the work of the research institutes given here is based on ‘A General Survey of the Academia Sinica’ (June 1948) and Annual General Reports of the Academia Sinica.
Cai Yuanpei, ‘A Survey of the Academia Sinica and Chinese Scientific Research,’ Central Weekly (Zhong Yang Zhou Bao), no. 48 (January 28, 1935).
Cai Yuanpei, op. cit., note 1.
Cai Yuanpei, ‘The Academia Sinica and Scientific Researchers in China,’ in The China Quarterly, March, 1936, pp. 9-13.
Cai Yuanpei,’ speech at the Fourth Plenary Meeting of the Evaluation Committee of the Academia Sinica,’ Manuscript.
Weng Wenjing, ‘Posthumous Memorial to Mr. Cai Jiemin,’ in Central Daily (Zhong Yang Ri Bao) of Chongqing, March 24, 1940.
Cai Yuanpei, op. cit., note 1.
Ibid.
Gao Pingshu, op. cit., note 12, p. 144.
Cai Yuanpei, op. cit., note 1. (Weng Wenjing, whose courtesy name was Yongni, was the Secretary of the Evaluation Committee of Academia Sinica.).
Ibid. (Emphasis added by Cai.).
Ibid. (Ren Hongjun, whose courtesy name was Shuyong, was Secretary-General of the Academy.).
Ibid. (Zhu Kezhen, whose courtesy name was Oufang, was Director of the Academy’s Institute of Meteorology and President of Zhejiang University.).
Ibid. (Fu, Weng, Zhu, and Ren were all members of the Academy’s Evaluation Committee.).
Telegram of condolence sent to the family of Cai Jiemin, from the memorial meeting for Cai Yuanpei and Wu Chenshi, attended by people from all walks of life at Yanan, New China News (Xin Zhong Hua Bao), Yanan, April 19, 1940.
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Pingshu, G. (1996). Cai Yuanpei’s Contributions to China’s Science. In: Dainian, F., Cohen, R.S. (eds) Chinese Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol 179. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8717-4_30
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