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Environmental Fiscal Reform and Unemployment pp 53–72Cite as

Shifting taxes from value added to material inputs

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Abstract

All economists are familiar with the case for Pigovian taxes. However, this policy paradigm has proven to be inadequate in concept and in practice. Therefore, it has rarely been implemented in actual tax measures (OECD, 1994). Conceptually, the Pigovian paradigm treats market failures arising from waste discharges into the environment as exceptional and occasional, but the laws of thermodynamics dictate that virtually all materials drawn into industrial processes will sooner or later be dissipated as wastes (Georgescu-Roegen, 1971). In fact, as this paper demonstrates, most of these materials are very quickly discharged as wastes into the air, into surface and underground water, or onto land. Thus, environmental externalities are ubiquitous and inevitable and occur at all stages of the life-cycle of “production” and “consumption”, as the Resources for the Future pointed out in a classic article 25 years ago (Ayres and Kneese, 1969) . Nonetheless, economists have not yet incorporated this fundamental fact into their models and analyses.

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Author notes

  1. Robert Repetto

    Present address: International Workshop on Environmental Taxation, Revenue Recycling and Unemployment, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milan, Italy

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  1. World Resources Institute, USA

    Robert Repetto

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  1. Robert Repetto
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Carlo Carraro Domenico Siniscalco

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© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Repetto, R. (1996). Shifting taxes from value added to material inputs. In: Carraro, C., Siniscalco, D. (eds) Environmental Fiscal Reform and Unemployment. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) Series on Economics, Energy and Environment, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8652-8_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8652-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4622-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-8652-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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