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Reactive Extrusion

A New Tool for the Diversification of Polymeric Materials

  • Chapter
Rheological Fundamentals of Polymer Processing

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSE,volume 302))

Abstract

Reactive extrusion (REX) is a manufacturing method that combines the traditionally separated chemical processes (polymer synthesis and/or modification) and extrusion (melting, blending, structuring, devolatilization and shaping) into a single process carried out onto an extruder. The first reactions of chemical modification of polymers were carried out on natural products, like cellulose nitration by Braconnot in 1833 or natural rubber vulcanization by Goodyear in 1839. Besides these examples based on chemically modified natural macromolecules, it is worthwhile noticing how many possibilities exist for chemically modifying synthetic polymers, as indicated in the exhaustive review published by Fettes (1). Generally, the use of solvents or dispersed media facilitates the control and adjustment of reactivity between polymers and other components of the system. However, the low concentration of polymer (around 10 wt.%) and the related separation and purification processes, which have a great influence on the final costs of modified polymers, are among the main disadvantages of reactions conducted in solvent media. In order to avoid these difficulties, the process using an extruder as a chemical reactor, within a residence time of a few minutes and in the absence of solvent allows to obtain a modified (co)polymer in a ready-to-use form at the dye. The main medium is the molten polymer, with an associated polarity related to its chemical composition, and the corresponding reaction and processing parameters are very different from those in solution. Adjustment of the reactivity requires specific basic research on the kinetical behaviour under these conditions, even if the main reaction is well known in classical organic or polymer chemistry (2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecole d’Application des Hauts Polymères, Institut Charles Sadron (C.R.M.-E.A.H.P.), 4, Rue Boussingault, F-67000, Strasbourg, France

    Morand Lambla

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  1. Morand Lambla
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Engineering, Universdade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

    J. A. Covas

  2. Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de paris, Sophia-Antipolis, France

    J. F. Agassant

  3. Department of Materials Engineering, Instituto Superior TĂ©cnico, Lisbon, Portugal

    A. C. Diogo

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

    J. Vlachopoulos

  5. Department of Mathematics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK

    K. Walters

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© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Lambla, M. (1995). Reactive Extrusion. In: Covas, J.A., Agassant, J.F., Diogo, A.C., Vlachopoulos, J., Walters, K. (eds) Rheological Fundamentals of Polymer Processing. NATO ASI Series, vol 302. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8571-2_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8571-2_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4637-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-8571-2

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