Abstract
The age of therapy dawned only two years after the publication of Abbott’s Atlas. Dr William Gross, at that time a surgical Resident at the Children Hospital in Boston, ligated a patent ductus arteriosus on August 26 1938 [84]. The concept of clinicophysiologic correlation had already been introduced, but the advent of surgery gave diagnosis an impetus and immediacy which had been lacking before. Repair of aortic coarctation and the development of the Blalock Taussig shunt followed soon afterwards, and by the end of the 1940s closed heart surgery was available for many defects. The period from 1936 to 1955 was the dawn of therapy, the beginning of a completely new way of viewing congenital heart defects as capable of diagnosis, understanding, and treatment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Additional References and Notes
Gross RE, Hubbard JP. Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus: Report of first successful case. JAMA 1939; 112: 729–731.
Brieger GH. The development of surgery. In: Sabiston DC, editor. Textbook of surgery 14th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1991: 1–18.
Ravitch MM. Alfred Blalock 1889–1964. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1966.
Longmire WP Jr. Alfred Blalock. His Life and Times. WP Longmire 1991.
Glenn WWL. The Development of Cardiac Surgery 1896–1991 Permanent exhibit in Cushing Library Yale University from 1992.
Bing RJ, Vandam LD, Gray FD Jr. Physiologic studies in congenital heart disease. I. Procedures. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1947; 80: 107–120.
Dexter LFW, Haynes CS, Burwell EC, Eppinger R, Siebel D, Evans JN. Studies of congenital heart diseasej Clin Inv 1947; 26: 547–576.
Cournand A, Baldwin JS, Himmelstein A. Cardiac Catheterisation in Congenital Heart Disease: A Clinical and Physiologic Study in Infants and Children. New York, Commonwealth Fund 1949.
Barclay AE, Barcroft SJ, Barron DH, Franklin KJ. A radiographic demonstration of the circulation through the heart in the adult and in the fetus, and the identification of the ductus arteriosus. Brit J Radiol 1939; 12: 505–517.
Civin WH, Edwards JE. The postnatal structural changes in the intrapulmonary arteries and arterioles. Arch Path 1951; 51: 192–200.
James LS, Rowe RD. The pattern of response of pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures in newborn and older infants to short periods of hypoxia. J Pediatrics 1957; 51: 5–11.
Neill CA. Development of the pulmonary veins. With reference to anomalies of the pulmonary venous return. Pediatrics 1956; 18: 880–887.
Paget S. Surgery of the Chest. London, John Wright 1896: 121.
Rehn L. Ueber penetrierende Hertzwundenund Herznaht. Arch Min Chir 1897; 55: 315.
Levy SE, Blalock A.. Experimental observations on the effects of connecting by suture the left main pulmonary artery to the systemic circulation. J Thorac Surg 1939; 8: 525–528.
Thomas VT. Pioneering Research in Surgical Shock and Cardiovascular Surgery Vivien Thomas and His Work with Alfred Blalock. An Autobiography by Vivien T.Thomas. Philadelphia, U Pennsylvania Press, 1985.
Blalock A, Taussig HB. Surgical treatment of malformations of the heart; in which there is pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. JAMA 1945; 128: 189–202.
Whittemore R. Interview in The Hopkins Advocate 1994; 11:issue 1, 1–3.
Whittemore R, Hobbins JC, Engle MA. Pregnancy and its outcome in women with and without surgical treatment of congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol 1982; 50: 641–651.
Bahnson HT. Classics in thoracic surgery: Surgical treatment of pulmonic stenosis: a retrospection. Ann Thorac Surg 1982; 33: 96–98.
Crafoord C, Nylin G. Congenital coarctation of the aorta and its surgical treatment. J Thorac Surg 1945; 14: 347–361.
Glenn WWL, Palino JE Circulatory bypass of the right heart. I. Preliminary observation on direct delivery of vena caval blood in pulmonary arterial circulation. Azygos vein pulmonary artery shunt. Yale J Biol Med 1954; 27: 147–151.
Brock RC. Pulmonary valvulotomy for the relief of congenital pulmonary stenosis. Report of three cases. Brit Med J 1948; 1: 1121–1126.
Doyen E. Brief communication. Presse medicale 1913; 21: 860.
Swan HJC, Hetzel PS, Wood EH. Quantitative estimation by indicator-dilution techniques of contribution of blood to the left-to-right shunt in atrial septal defect. Circulation 1956; 14: 212–220.
Schnitker MA. The electrocardiogram in congenital heart disease. (A study of 109 cases, 106 withautopsy). Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1940.
Wilson FN, Johnston FD, Rosenbaum FF, Barker PS. On Einthoven’s triangle, the theory of unipolarelectrocardiographic leads, and the interpretation of the precordial electrocardiogram. Am Heart J 1946; 32: 277–310.
Ziegler RF. Electrocardiographic studies in normal infants and children. Springfield, Charles C Thomas, 1951.
Yu PNG, Joos HA, Katsampes CP. Unipolar electrocardiograms in normal infants and children. Am Heart J 1951; 41: 91–104.
Burch GE, De Pasquale NP. A history of electrocardiography. Chicago, Year Book Publishers 1964.
Donzelot E, Durand M, Metianu C, Vlad P. L’axe electrique normal ou devie a gauche dans les cardiopathies congenitales cyanogenes. Etude de 29 personnel interet diagnostique. Arch mal coeur 1950; 43: 577–582.
Neill CA, Brink AJ. Left axis deviation in tricuspid atresia and single ventricle: The electrocardiogram in 36 autopsied cases. Circulation 1955; 12: 612–619.
Edwards JE, Burchell HB. Congenital tricuspid atresia: A classification. Med Clin N America 1949; 33: 1177–1181.
Toscano-Barbosa E, Brandenburg RU, Burchell HB. Electrocardiographic studies of cases with intracardiac malformations of the atrioventricular canal. Proc Staff Meetings Mayo Clinic 1956; 31: 513–523.
Sodi-Pallares D. New bases of electrocardiography. St Louis, Mosby 1956.
Castellanos A, Pereiras R, Garcia A. La Angio-Cardiografia en el Nino: Angiocardiography in the Child. 7th Congress Pan American Medical Association, Havana 1939.
Blalock A, Hanlon CR. The surgical treatment of complete transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery. Surg Gyn Obstet 1950; 90: 1–15.
Muller WH, Damman JE The treatment of certain congenital malformations of the heart by the creation of pulmonic stenosis to reduce pulmonary hypertension and excessive pulmonary blood flow. Surg Gyn Obstet 1952; 95: 213–219.
Keys A. Prediction and possible prevention of coronary heart disease. Am J Pub Health 1953; 43: 1399–1407.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Neill, C.A., Clark, E.B. (1995). The Dawn of Therapy 1936–1955. In: The Developing Heart: A ‘History’ of Pediatric Cardiology. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 163. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8514-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8514-9_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4527-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-8514-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive