Abstract
This Workshop marks the thirtieth anniversary of the event which is normally regarded as the birth of modern design methodology and the design methods movement - the Conference on Design Methods held in London in 1962. The movement almost died in the 1970s, but seems now to have hung on to life and to have re-emerged and grown with some vigour in the last decade. This paper reviews this relatively short history of design methodology, maps out some of the major themes that have sustained it, and tries to establish some agreed understanding for the concepts of scientific design, design science and the science of design.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alexander, C. (1964), Notes on the Synthesis of Form. Cambridge, Ma., Harvard University Press.
Alexander, C. (1971), “The State of the Art in Design Methods.” DMG Newsletter 5 (3): 3–7.
Altshuller, G. S. (1984), Creativity as an Exact Science. Gordon and Breach.
Andreasen, M. M. (1991), “Design Methodology.” Journal of Engineering Design 2 (4): 321–335.
Archer, L. B. (1965), Systematic Method for Designers. London, The Design Council.
Archer, L. B. (1979), “Whatever Became of Design Methodology?” Design Studies 1 (1): 17–18.
Archer, L. B. (1981), A View of the Nature of Design Research. In R. Jacques and J. Powell (ed.) Design:Science:Method. Guildford, UK, Westbury House.
Asimow, M. (1962), Introduction to Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ., Prentice-Hall.
Bartlett, F. C. (1958), Thinking: an experimental and social study. London, UK, Allen and Unwin.
Broadbent, G. (1973), Design in Architecture. Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Broadbent, G. (1979), “The Development of Design Methods.” Design Methods and Theories 13 (1): 41–45.
Broadbent, G. and A. Ward, (ed.) (1969), Design Methods in Architecture. London, UK, Lund Humphries.
Buchanan, R. (1989), Declaration by Design: rhetoric, argument and demonstration in design practice. In V. Margolin (ed.) Design Discourse. Chicago, Ill., University of Chicago Press.
Coyne, R. and A. Snodgrass (1991), “Is Designing Mysterious? Challenging the dual knowledge thesis.” Design Studies 12 (3): 124–131.
Cross, A. (1984), “Towards an Understanding of the Intrinsic Values of Design Education.” Design Studies 5 (1): 31–39.
Cross, A. (1986), “Design Intelligence: the use of codes and language systems in design.” Design Studies 7 (1): 14–19.
Cross, N. (1980), The Recent History of Post-industrial Design Methods. In N. Hamilton (ed.) Design and Industry. London, The Design Council.
Cross, N., (ed.) (1984), Developments in Design Methodology. Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cross, N. (1989), Engineering Design Methods. Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cross, N. (1990), “The Nature and Nurture of Design Ability.” Design Studies 11 (3): 127–140.
Cross, N., K. Dorst, N. Roozenburg, (ed.) (1992), Research in Design Thinking. Delft, Netherlands, Delft University Press.
Cross, N., J. Naughton, et al. (1981), Design Method and Scientific Method. In R. Jacques and J. Powell (ed.) Design:Science:Method. Guildford, UK, Westbury House.
Davies, R. and R. J. Talbot (1987), “Experiencing Ideas: identity, insight and the imago.” Design Studies 8 (1): 17–25.
Dixon, J. R. and S. Finger (1989), “Editorial.” Research in Engineering Design 1 (1): 1.
Eckersley, M. (1988), “The Form of Design Processes: a protocol analysis study.” Design Studies 9 (2): 86–94.
Evans, B., J. Powell, R. Talbot, (ed.) (1982), Changing Design. Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Flemming, U. (1987), The Role of Shape Grammars in the Analysis and Creation of Designs. In Y. E. Kalay (ed.) Computability of Design. New York, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
French, M. J. (1985), Conceptual Design for Engineers. London, UK, The Design Council.
Gasparski, W. (1990), “Editorial: Contributions to Design Science.” Design Methods and Theories 24 (2): 1186–1194.
Gasparski, W. (1990), “On the General Theory (Praxeology) of Design.” Design Methods and Theories 24 (2): 1195–1215.
Gero, J., (ed.) (1991), Artificial Intelligence in Design ‘81. Oxford, UK, Butterworth-Heinemann.
Glynn, S. (1985), “Science and Perception as Design.” Design Studies 6 (3): 122–133.
Gordon, W. J. J. (1961), Synectics. New York, Harper & Row.
Grant, D. P. (1979), “Design Methodology and Design Methods.” Design Methods and Theories 13 (1): 46–47.
Gregory, S. A., (ed.) (1966), The Design Method. London, Butterworth Press.
Gregory, S. A. (1966), Design Science. In S. A. Gregory (ed.) The Design Method. London, Butterworth.
Hall, A. D. (1962), A Methodology for Systems Engineering. Princeton, NJ, Van Nostrand.
Hansen, F. (1974), Konstruktionswissenschaft. Munich, Germany, Carl Hanser.
Hauser, J. R. and D. Clausing (1988), “The House of Quality.” Harvard Business Review (May/June): 63–73.
Hillier, B., J. Musgrove, et al. (1972), Knowledge and Design. In W. J. Mitchell (ed.) Environmental Design: Research and Practice. Los Angeles, Ca., University of California.
Hongo, K. and N. Nakajima (1991), “Relevant Features of the Decade 1981–1991 for Theories of Design in Japan.” Design Studies 12 (4): 209–214.
Hubka, V. (1982), Principles of Engineering Design. Guildford, UK, Butterworth Scientific Press.
Hubka, V. and W. E. Eder (1987), “A Scientific Approach to Engineering Design.” Design Studies 8 (3): 123–137.
Jacques, R. and J. Powell, (ed.) (1981), Design:Science:Method. Guildford, UK, Westbury House.
Jones, J. C. (1970), Design Methods. Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Jones, J. C. (1977), “How My Thoughts About Design methods Have Changed During the Years.” Design Methods and Theories 11 (1): 48–62.
Jones, J. C. and D. G. Thornley, (ed.) (1963), Conference on Design Methods. Oxford, UK, Pergamon Press.
Le Corbusier (1929), CIAM 2nd Congress, Frankfurt.
Levy, R. (1985), “Science, Technology and Design.” Design Studies 6 (2): 66–72.
McCall, R. (1986), “Issue-Serve Systems: a descriptive theory of design.” Design Methods and Theories 20 (3): 443–458.
Moore, G. T., (ed.) (1970), Emerging Methods in Environmental Design and Planning. Cambridge, Ma., MIT Press.
Osborn, A. F. (1963), Applied Imagination - Principles and Procedures of Creative Thinking. New York, Scribener’s Sons.
Oxman, R. (1990), “Prior Knowledge in Design.” Design Studies 11 (1): 17–28.
Pahl, G. and W. Beitz (1984), Engineering Design. London, The Design Council.
Pugh, S. (1991), Total Design: Integrated Methods for Successful Product Engineering. Wokingham, UK, Addison-Wesley.
Rittel, H. (1973), “The State of the Art in Design Methods.” Design Research and Methods (Design Methods and Theories) 7 (2): 143–147.
Rittel, H. and M. Webber (1973), “Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning.” Policy Sciences 4: 155–169.
Roozenburg, N. (1992), On the Logic of Innovative Design. In N. Cross, C. Dorst and N. Roozenburg (ed.) Research in Design Thinking. Delft, NL, Delft University Press.
Roozenburg, N. and N. Cross (1991), “Models of the Design Process: integrating across the disciplines.” Design Studies 12 (4): 215–220.
Ross, P. J. (1988), Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering. New York, McGraw-Hill.
Rowe, P. (1987), Design Thinking. Cambridge, Ma., MIT Press.
Schön, D. (1984), “Problems, Frames and Perspectives on Designing.” Design Studies 5 (3): 132–136.
Schön, D. A. (1988), “Designing: rules, types and worlds.” Design Studies 9 (3): 181–190.
Simon, H. A. (1969), The Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge, Ma., MIT Press.
Spillers, W. R., (ed.) (1974), Basic Questions of Design Theory. Amsterdam/New York, North-Holland/Elsevier.
Stauffer, L., D. Ullman, et al. (1987), Protocol Analysis of Mechanical Engineering Design. In W. E. Eder (ed.) Proceedings of International Conference on Engineering Design, Boston. New York, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Stauffer, L. A., (ed.) (1991), Design Theory and Methodology - DTM ‘81. New York, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Stiny, G. (1980), “Introduction to Shape and Shape Grammars ” Environment and Planning B 7: 343–351.
Tovey, M. (1986), “Thinking Styles and Modelling Systems.” Design Studies 7 (1): 20–30.
van Doesberg, T. (1923), “Towards a Collective Construction.” De Stijl: Quoted
Naylor, G. (1968) The Bauhaus, Studio Vista, London.
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) (1987), Systematic Approach to the Design of Technical Systems and Products: Guideline VDI 2221. Berlin, Germany, Beuth Verlag.
Waldron, M. B. and K. J. Waldron (1988), “A Time Sequence Study of a Complex Mechanical System Design.” Design Studies 9 (2): 95–106.
Wallace, K. and C. Hales (1987), Detailed Analysis of an Engineering Design Project. In W. E. Eder (ed.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, Boston. New York, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Willem, R. A. (1990), “Design and Science.” Design Studies 11 (1): 43–47.
Zeng, Y. and G. D. Cheng (1991), “On the Logic of Design.” Design Studies 12 (3): 137–141.
Zwicky, F. (1948), The Morphological Method of Analysis and Construction. In Studies and Essays. New York, Interscience.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cross, N. (1993). A History of Design Methodology. In: de Vries, M.J., Cross, N., Grant, D.P. (eds) Design Methodology and Relationships with Science. NATO ASI Series, vol 71. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8220-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8220-9_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4252-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-8220-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive