Skip to main content

The Emergence of Post-Normal Science

  • Chapter
Science, Politics and Morality

Part of the book series: Theory and Decision Library ((TDLA,volume 17))

Abstract

Few will still doubt that our modern technological culture has reached a turning point, and that it must change drastically if we are to manage our environmental problems. It may not yet be as widely appreciated that science, hitherto the mainspring of that technological progress, must also change. From now on its central task must be concerned with the patholo-gies of our industrial System; and this imposes new problems and requires new methods. These are the subject our of study.

Reprined with permission from C. Rossi and E. Tiezze (eds.) Ecological Physical Chemistry, Proceedings of an international Worksho. Copyright 1991, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. S. Mac Lane, Science, 241 (1988) 1144.

    Google Scholar 

  2. N. Keyfitz, Science, 242 (1988) 496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. S. Mac Lane, Science, 242 (1988) 1623 – 1624.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J.C. Bailar, Scientific lnferences and Environmental Problems: The uses of Statistical Thinking, Institute for Environmental Studies, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  5. J.R. Ravetz in: (41) 260–283.

    Google Scholar 

  6. M. Smithson, Ignorance and Uncertainty, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  7. W.C. Clark and G. Majone, Science, Technology and Human Values, 10(1985) 6–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J.V. Rivard et al, NUREG/CR-3440, SAND 83–1689, USNRC, Washington, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  9. M.C.G. Hall, in: M.C. MacCraken and F.M. Luther (eds.), The Potential Climate Effects oflncreasing Carbon Dioxide, DOE/ER-0237, USDOE, Washington, 1985, 337–3641

    Google Scholar 

  10. M.B. Beck, Water Resources Research, 23 (1987) 1393–1442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. HSE, Canvey: An Investigation of Potential Hazards from Operations in the Can-vey Island/Thurrock area, London, 1978, 48.

    Google Scholar 

  12. UNEP, GC.12/ll/Add.2, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  13. British Standards Institution, BS 4778, London, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  14. M. Thompson and M. Warburton, J. Applied Systems Analysis, 12(1985) 3–34.

    Google Scholar 

  15. S.M. Macgill, The Politics of Anxiety, Pion, London, 1987, 141–156.

    Google Scholar 

  16. S.O. Funtowicz and J.R. Ravetz, Uncertainty and Quality in Science for Policy, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1990.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  17. US NRC, NUREG- 75/014, WASH 1400, Washington, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  18. M. Polanyi, Personal Knowledge, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  19. J.R. Ravetz, Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems, The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  20. D.A. Schon, The Reflective Practitioner, Basic Books, New York, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  21. S.O. Funtowicz and J.R. Ravetz in: C. Whipple and V. Covello (eds.), Risk Ana-lysis in the Private Sector, Plenum, New York, 1985, 217–231.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Rayner, S in: H. Jungermann, R.E. Kasperson and P.M. Wiedemann (eds.), Risk Communication, KFA, Julich, 1988, 169–176.

    Google Scholar 

  23. T.S. Kuhn, The Structure ofScientific Revolutions, University of Chicago, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. Chalmers, Science and its Fabrications, Open University, Milton Keynes, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  25. J.R. Ravetz in: (41) 63–80.

    Google Scholar 

  26. J.R.S. Fincham and J.R. Ravetz, Risks and Benefits of Genetically Engineered Organisms, Open University, Milton Keynes, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  27. P.K. Feyerabend, Against Method, New Left Books, London, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  28. M.J. Moravsik, Scientometrics, 7(1985) 165–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. J.R. Ravetz, S. Macgill and S.O. Funtowicz, Disasters Bring the Technological Wizards to Heel, The Guardian, London, 19 May 1986, 22.

    Google Scholar 

  30. J.R. Ravetz in: (41)180–198.

    Google Scholar 

  31. A.M. Weinberg, Science, 180(1973) 1124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. S. Toulmin, The Return to Cosmology, University of California, Berkeley, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  33. G. Bateson, Steps to an Ecology of Mind, Ballantine Books, New York, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  34. R. Rappaport, Risk Analysis, 8, 2(1988) 189–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Swarz and M. Thompson, Divided We Stand: Redifining Politics, Technology and Social Choice, Harvester Wheatsheat, London, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  36. S.O. Funtowicz and J.R. Ravetz, Global Environmental Issues and the Emergence of Second Order Science, EUR 12803 EN, CEC, Luxembourg, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  37. A. Pacey, Technology in World Civilization, Blackwell, Oxford and Cambridge MA, 1990, 203.

    Google Scholar 

  38. B. Wynne, Personal Communication.

    Google Scholar 

  39. M. Cini, Personal Communication.

    Google Scholar 

  40. M. O’Connor, Time and Environment, Department of Economics, University of Auckland, New Zealand, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  41. J.R. Ravetz, The Merger of Knowledge with Power, Cassell, London, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Funtowicz, S.O., Ravetz, J.R. (1993). The Emergence of Post-Normal Science. In: Von Schomberg, R. (eds) Science, Politics and Morality. Theory and Decision Library, vol 17. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8143-1_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8143-1_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4211-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-8143-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics