Abstract
We have analyzed the biological olfactory system in order to determine the characteristics of chemical sensors that may be mimicked by electronic means. New organic semiconductors based on poly(pyrrole) and derivatives have been synthesised and incorporated into sensor arrays. These polymers display responses to gases and odours dependent also on stereochemical parameters of the volatile molecules. The arrays are now finding practical applications in the food, beverage and environmental monitoring areas. We are carrying out the synthesis of new polymers capable of more specific discrimination of odour mixtures.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
A. Dall’ Olio, G. Dascola, V. Varacca and V. Bocchi, Electron paramagnetic resonance and conductivity of an electrolyte oxypyrrole [(pyrrole polymer)] black, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris Ser. C, 267 (1968) 433–435.
A. F. Diaz, K. K. Kanazawa and G. P. Gardini, Electropolymerisation of pyrrole, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., (1979) 635-636.
T. Skotheim, Handbook of Conducting Polymers, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1986.
W. Wernet, M. Monkenbusch and G. Wegner, A new series of conducting polymers with layered structure: polypyrrole n-alkylsulphates and n-alkylsulfonates, Makromol. Chem. Rapid. Commun., 5 (1984) 157–164.
L. F. Warren and D. P. Anderson, Polypyrrole films from aqueous electrolytes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 134 (1987) 101–105.
P. Pfluger and G. B. Street, Chemical, electronic and structural properties of conducting heterocyclic polymers: a view by XPS, J. Chem. Phys., 80 (1984) 544–553.
H. Lecavelier, F. Devreux, M. Nechtschein and G. Bidan, NMR studies in polypyrrole, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 118 (1985) 183–186.
A. Nazzal and G. B. Street, Molecular weight determination of pyrrole based polymers, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., (1984) 83-84.
K. Yakushi, L. J. Lauchlan, T. C. Clarke and G. B. Street, Optical study of polypyrrole perchlorate, J. Chem. Phys., 79 (1983) 4774–4778.
K. M. Cheung, D. Bloor and G. C. Stevens, Characterisation of polypyrrole electropolymerised on different electrodes Polymer 29 (1988) 1709–1717.
G. R. Mitchell, R. Cywinski, S. Mondai and S. J. Sutton, The influence of molecular organisation on charge transport in electrochemically prepared polypyrrole films, J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys, 22 (1989) 1231–1234.
J. C. Scott, P. Pfluger, M. T. Kroundbi and G. B. Street, Electron spin resonance studies of pyrrole polymers: evidence for bipolarons, Phys. Rev. B., Condens. Matt., 28 (1983) 2140–2145.
J. L Bredas, J. C. Scott, K. Yakushi and G. B. Street, Polarons and bipolarons in polypyrrole: Evolution of the band structure and optical spectrum upon doping, Phys. Rev. B., 30 (1984) 1023–1025.
F. Genoud, M. Guglielmi, M. Nechtschein, E. Genies and M. Salmon, ESR study of electrochemical doping in the conducting polymer polypyrrole. Phys. Rev. Lett., 55 (1985) 118–121.
K. C. Persaud and G. H. Dodd, Analysis of discrimination mechanisms in the mammalian olfactory system using a model nose, Nature, 299 (1982) 352–354.
K. C. Persaud and P. Pelosi, An approach to an artificial nose, Trans. Am. Soc.Artif. Organs, 31 (1985) 297–300.
P. Pelosi and K. C. Persaud, Gas sensors: Towards an artificial nose. in P. Dario (ed.), Sensors and Sensory Systems for Advanced Robots, NATO ASI Series F, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988, p. 361.
K. C. Persaud, Odour detection using sensor arrays, Analyt. Proc., 28 (1991) 339–341.
R. Muller, Multisensor Signal Processing, in Sensors: A comprehensive survey. W. Gopel, J. Hesse & J. N. Zemel (eds.), Fundamentals and General Aspects, Vol. 1., VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1989 pp. 314-340.
W. S. McCulloch and W. Pitts, A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity, Bull. Math. Biophys., 5 (1943) 115–133.
D. E. Rumelhart, G. E. Hinton, R. J. Williams, Learning representations by back-propagating errors, Nature, 323 (1986) 533–536.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Persaud, K.C., Pelosi, P. (1992). Sensor Arrays Using Conducting Polymers for an Artificial Nose. In: Gardner, J.W., Bartlett, P.N. (eds) Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose. NATO ASI Series, vol 212. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4150-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-7985-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive