Abstract
The cytology of plants regenerated from protoplasts and cultured plant pieces has been studied in several potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars. Regeneration from protoplasts is accompanied by extensive chromosome variation. On average, 50–60% of regenerants have the normal tetraploid number (2n=4x=48) and, in a few plants, chromosome structural rearrangements can be identified. In contrast, only 25% of plants regenerated from protoplasts of S. brevidens retain their diploid complement. The remainder are either tetraploid or aneuploid at the tetraploid level. Potato plants regenerated from cultured expiants show much less chromosome instability, up to 90% of plants being normal tetraploids. For monohaploids and dihapioids, regeneration from cultured leaf expiants is accompanied by a high frequency of chromosome doubling.
Chromosome variation is also present in wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos, on average 30% of regenerants being aneuploid. Structural rearrangements are also present. Such extensive chromosome variation in plants derived from some cultured protoplasts or cultured tissues should be taken into consideration in assessments of somaclonal variation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahloowalia, B.S. 1976. Chromosomal changes in parasexually produced rye grass. In: Current Chromosome Research (eds. K. Jones and P.E. Brandham) (Biomedical Press, Elsevier/Nortin-Holland). pp. 115–122.
Ahloowalia, B.S. 1983. Spectrum of variation in somaclones of triploid ryegrass. Crop. Sci., 23, 1141–1147.
Carlberg, I., Glimelius, K., Ottosson, A. and Eriksson, T. 1985. Potato protoplast culture and variation among regenerated plants. Hereditas Suppl, 3, 136
Creissen, G.P. and Karp, A. 1985. Karyotypic changes in plants regenerated from protoplasts. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. (In Press).
Edallo, S., Zucchinali, C., Perenzin, M. and Salamini, F. 1981. Chromosomal variation and frequency of spontaneous mutation associated with in vitro culture and plant regeneration in maize. Maydica, 26, 39–56.
Hanna, W.W., Lu, C. and Vasil, I.K. 1984. Uniformity of plants regenerated from somatic embryos of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Guinea grass). Theor. Appl. Genet., 67, 155–159.
Hermsen, J.G.Th. and Ramanna, M.S. 1981. Haploidy and plant breeding. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B.292, 499–507.
Jacobsen, E. 1982. Polyploidization in leaf callus tissue and in regenerated plants of dihaploid potato. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 1, 77–84.
Karp, A., Nelson, R.S., Thomas, E. and Bright, S.W.J. 1982. Chromosome variation in protoplast-derived potato plants. Theor. Appl. Genet., 63, 265–272.
Karp, A. and Maddock, S.E. 1984. Chromosome variation in wheat plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos. Theor. Appl. Genet., 67, 249–255.
Karp, A., Risiott, R., Jones, M.G.K. and Bright, S.W.J. 1984. Chromosome doubling in monohaploid and dihaploid potatoes by regeneration from cultured leaf expiants. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.,3, 363–373.
Karp, A., Jones, M.G.K., Ooms, G. and Bright, S.W.J. 1985. Potato protoplasts and tissue culture in crop improvement. In: Progress in Plant Breeding, Vol. 2 (ed. G.E. Russell) (Butterworths). In Press.
Karp, A. and Bright, S.W.J. 1985. On the causes and origins of somaclonal variation. In: Oxford Surveys of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology. Vol 2. (ed. B.J. Miflin) (O.U.P.) pp.199–234.
Maddock, S.E., Lancaster, V.A., Risiott, R. and Franklin, J. 1983. Plant regeneration from cultured immature embryos and inflorescences of 25 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum). J. Expt. Bot. 34, 915–926.
McCoy, T.J., Phillips, R.L. and Rines, H.W. 1982. Cytogenetic analysis of plants regenerated from oat (Avena sativa) tissue cultures; High frequency of partial chromosome loss. Can. J. Genet. Cytol., 24, 37–50.
McCoy, T.J. and Phillips, R.L. 1982. Chromosome stability in maize (Zea mays) tissue cultures and sectoring in some regenerated plants. Can. J. Genet. Cytol., 24, 559–565,
Nelson, R.S., Karp, A., Bright, S.W.J. 1985. Ploidy variation in Solanum brevidens plants regenerated from protoplasts using an improved culture system. J. Exp. Bot. Submitted.
Secor, G.A. and Shepard, J.F. 1981. Variability of protoplast-derived potato clones. Crop Sci. 21, 102–105.
Shepard, J.F., Bidney, D. and Shahin, E. 1980. Potato protoplasts in crop improvement. Science, 208, 17–24.
Sree Ramulu, K.S., Oijkhuis, P. and Roest, S. 1983. Phenotypic variation and ploidy level of plants regenerated from protoplasts of tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. ‘Bintje ’) Theor. Appl. Genet., 65, 329–338.
Sree Ramulu, K.S., Dijkhuis, P. and Roest, S. 1983. Genetic instability in protoclones of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. ‘Bintje ’): new types of variation after vegetative propagation. Theor. Appl. Genet., 68, 515–519.
Swedlund, B. and Vasil, I.K. 1985. Cytogenetic characterization of embryogenic callus and regenerated plants of Pennisetum americanum (L). K. Schukm. Theor. Appl. Genet., 69, 575–581.
Thomas, E., Bright, S.W.J., Franklin, J., Lancaster, V.A. and Miflin, B.J. 1982. Variation amongst protoplast-derived potato plants (Solanum tuberosum cv. ‘Maris Bard ’). Theor. Appl. Genet., 62, 65–68.
Van Harten, A.M., Bouter, H. and Broertjes, C. 1981. In vitro adventitious bud techniques for vegetative propagation and mutation breeding of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) II Significance for mutation breeding. Euphytica, 30, 1–8
Wenzel, G., Schieder, O., Przewozny, T., Sopory, S.K. and Melchers, G. 1979. Comparison of single cell culture derived Solanum tuberosum L. plants and a model for their application in breeding programs. Theor. Appl. Genet., 55, 49–55.
Wheeler, V.A., Evans, N.E., Foulger, D., Webb, K.J., Karp, A., Franklin, J. and Bright, S.W.J. 1985. Shoot formation from expiant cultures of fourteen potato cultivars and studies of the cytology and morphology of regenerated plants. Ann. Bot., 55, 309–320.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Karp, A. (1986). Chromosome Variation in Plants Regenerated From Protoplasts and Cultured Plant Tissues. In: Somaclonal Variations and Crop Improvement. Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7733-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7733-5_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8295-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-7733-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive