Skip to main content

Plans as Situated Action: An Activity Theory Approach to Workflow Systems

  • Chapter

Abstract

Within the community of CSCW the notion and nature of workflow systems as prescriptions of human work has been debated and criticised. Based on the work of Suchman (1987) the notion of situated action has often been viewed as opposed to planning work. Plans, however, do play an essential role in realising work. Based on experiences from designing a computer system that supports the collaboration within a hospital, this paper discusses how plans themselves are made out of situated action, and in return are realised in situ. Thus, work can be characterised as situated planning. This understanding is backed up by Activity Theory, which emphasises the connection between plans and the contextual conditions for realising these plans in actual work.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbott, K., and Sarin, S. (1994): “Experiences with workflow management: Issues for the next generation”, In Proceedings of the Conference on CSCW, Chapel Hill, USA. ACM, p. 113–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anokhin, P. K. (1973): “The forming of natural and artificial intelligence”, Impact of Science on Society XXIII (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anokhin, P. K. (1976): “The Philosophical Importance of the Problem of Natural and Artificial Intellects”, Soviet Studies in Philosophy XIV (4), p. 3–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bnrentsen, K. (1989): “Mennesker og Maskine [Man and Machine]”, In Hedegaard, Hansen, and Thyssen (eds.): Et virksomt liv (An active life J. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitets Forlag, p. 142–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • BOdker, S. (1991): Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design. Hillsdale, NJ: LEA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, J., Button, G., and Sharrock, W. (1995): “Workflow from within and without: Technology and Cooperative Work on the Print Industry Shopfloor”, In Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on CSCW, Stockholm, Sweden. Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 51–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, C. and Luff, P. (1996): “Documents and Professional Practice: ‘bad’ organisational reasons for ‘good’ clinical records”, In Proceedings of the Conference on CSCW, Boston, Massachusetts USA. ACM, p. 354–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, J. and King, V. (1993): “Paperwork”, In S. Benford and J. Mariani (Eds.): COMIC D4.1: Requirements and Metaphors of Shared Interaction, Lancaster: Lancaster University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuutti, K. (1991): “The concept of activity as a basic unit of analysis for CSCW research”, In Proceedings of the Second European Conference on CSCW, Amsterdam. Kluwer Academic Publisher, p. 249–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leontjev, A. (1978): Activity, Consciousness, and Personality,Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leontjev, A. (1981): Problems of the Development of Mind. Moscow: Progress Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medina-Mora, R., Winograd, T., Flores, R. and Flores, F. (1992): “The action workflow approach to workflow management”, In Proceedings of the Conference on CSCW, Toronto, Canada. ACM, p. 281–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nardi, B. A., (ed.) (1996): Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory and Human-Computer Interaction. Cambrigde, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schäl, T. (1996): Workflow Management Systems for Process Organisations. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, K. and Simone, C. (1996): “Coordination mechanisms: Towards a Conceptual Foundation of CSCW Systems Design”, Computer Supported Cooperative Work 5, p. 155–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Star, S. L. (1989): “The Structure of Ill-Structured Solutions: Boundary Objects and Heterogeneous Distributed Problem Solving”, In L. Gasser and M. Huhns (Eds.): Distributed Artificial Intelligence, London: Pitman, p. 37–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A., Fagerhaugh, S., Suczek, B. and Wiener, C. (1985): Social Organization of Medical Work. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, L. (1987): Plans and situated actions. The problem of human-machine communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, L. (1994): “Do categories have politics? The language/action perspective reconsidered”, Computer Supported Cooperative Work 2 (3), p. 177–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Symon, G., Long, K., and Ellis, J. (1996): “The Coordination of Work Activities: Cooperation and Conflict in a Hospital Context”, Computer Supported Cooperative Work 5, p. 1–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • VallgArda, S. (1992): Sygehuse og sygehuspolitik i Danmark: Et bidrag til det specialiserede sygehusvæsens historie 1930–1987. (Hospitals and hospital politics in Denmark: A contribution to the history of the specialised hospital sector 1930–1987. Kobenhavn: Jurist-og Okonomforbundets Forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotskij, L. S. (1978): Mind and Society. Cambrigde, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winograd, T. (1994): “Categories, diciplines and social coordination”, Computer Supported Cooperative Work 2 (3), p. 177–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winograd, T. and Flores, F. (1986): Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bardram, J.E. (1997). Plans as Situated Action: An Activity Theory Approach to Workflow Systems. In: Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7372-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7372-6_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-015-7374-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-7372-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics