Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Evaluation in Education and Human Services ((EEHS,volume 12))

  • 97 Accesses

Abstract

In chapter 1 we noted that affective characteristics can be described as having intensity, direction, and a target. A framework was described for developing statements for an affective instrument by carefully sampling from a universe of content. After developing such statements, we typically obtain the responses of selected individuals to these statements and claim that we have measured the intensity and direction of their affect toward the particular target object.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Additional Readings

Scaling

  • Airasian, P. W., Madaus, G. F., and Woods, E. M. (1975). Scaling attitude items: A comparison of scalogram analysis and ordering theory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 35, 809–819.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrich, D. (1978). Application of a psychometric rating model to ordered categories which are scored with successive integers. Applied Psychological Measurement, 2, 581–594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrich, D. (1978). Scaling attitude items constructed and scored in the Likert tradition. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 38, 665–680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bejar, I. I. (1977). An application of the continuous response level model to personality measurement. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 509–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cicchetti, D. V., Showalter, D., and Tyrer, P. J. (1985). The effect of number of rating scale categories on levels of inte rrate r reliability: A Monte Carlo investigation. Applied Psychological Measurement, 9(2), 31–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comrey, A. J., and Montag, I. (1982). Comparison of factor analytic results with two-choice and seven-choice personality item formats. Applied Psychological Measurement, 6, 285–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawes, R. M. (1977). Suppose we measured height with rating scales instead of rulers. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 267–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeCotiis, T. A. (1978). A critique and suggested revision of behaviorally anchored rating scales developmental procedures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 38, 681–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, A. L., and Ashworth, C. D. (1977). A replication study of item selection for the Bem sex role inventory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 501–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • French-Lazovik, G., and Gibson, C. L. (1984). Effects of verbally labeled anchor points on the distributional parameters of rating measures. Applied Psychological Measurement, 8(1), 49–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivancevich, J. M. (1977). A multitrait-multirater analysis of a behaviorally anchored rating scale for sales personnel. Applied Psychological Measurement,1, 523–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, D. W., King, L. A., and Klockars, A. J. (1983). Bipolar adjective rating scales for self-description: Reliability and validity data. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 43, 879–886.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, L. A., King, D. W., and Lockars, A. J. (1983). Dichotomous and multipoint scales using bipolar adjectives. Applied Psychological Measurement, 7, (2), 173–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klockavs, A. J., King, D. W., and King, L. A. (1981). The dimensionality of bipolar scales in self-description. Applied Psychological Measurement, 5, 219–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kroonenberg, P. M. (1985). Three-mode principal components analysis of semantic differential data: The case of a triple personality. Applied Psychological Measurement, 9(1), 83–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maranell, G. M. (Ed.) (1974). Scaling: A sourcebook for behavioral scientists. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCormich, C. C., and Kavanaugh, J. A. (1981). Scaling interpersonal checklist items to a circular model. Applied Psychological Measurement, 5, 421–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. A. (1978). A comprehensive system for item analysis in psychological scale construction. Journal of Educational Measurement, 15,117–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, C. R., Michael, W. B., and Brown, G. F. (1983). The Ram Scale: Development and validation of the revised scale in Likert format. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 43, 1089–1102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Response Sets

  • Adkins, D. C., and Ballif, B. L. (1972). A new approach to response sets in analysis of a test of motivation to achieve. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 32, 559–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Couch, A., and Keniston, K. (1960). Yeasayers and naysayers: Agreeing response set as a personality variable. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60, 151–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, A. (1958). The social desirability variable in personality assessment and research. New York: Hold, Rinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, L. V. (1971). Are there two extremeness response sets? Educational and Psychological Measurement, 31, 867–873.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hattie, J. (1983). The tendency to omit items: Another deviant response characteristic. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 43, 1041–1045.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phifer, S. J., and Plake, B. S. (1983). The factorial validity of the bias in attitude survey scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 43, 887–891.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schriescheim, C. A. (1981a). The effect of grouping on randomizing items on leniency response bias. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 41, 401–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schriescheim, C. A. (1981b). Leniency effects on convergent and non-discriminant validity for grouped questionnaire items: A further investigation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 41, 1093–1099.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thissen, D., et al. (1983). An item response theory for personality and attitude scales: Item analysis using restricted factor analysis. Applied Psychological Measurement, 7, 211–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • VanHeerden, J., and Hoogstraten, J. (1979). Response tendency in a questionnaire without questions. Applied Psychological Measurement, 13, 117–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Normative and Ipsative Scale Properties

  • Bartlett, C. J., Quay, L. C., and Wrightsman, L. S. (1960). A comparison of two methods of attitude measurement: Likert-type and forced-choice. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(4), 699–704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cattell, R. B. (1966). The meaning and strategic use of factor analysis. In R. B. Cattell (Ed.), Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology. Chicago: Rand-McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, A. L., Abbott, R. D., and Klockars, A. J. (1972). A factor analysis of the EPPS and PRF personality inventories. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 32, 23–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guilford, J. P. (1952). When not to factor analyze. Psychological Bulletin, 49, 26–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heilbrun, A. B., Jr. (1963). Evidence regarding the equivalence of ipsative and normative personality scales. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 27, 152–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horn, J. L., and Cattell, R. B. (1965). Vehicles, ipsatization, and the multiplemethod measurement of motivation. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 19, 265–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horst, P., and Wright, C. E. (1959). The comparative reliability of two techniques of personality appraisal. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 15, 388–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharon, A. T. (1970). Eliminating bias from student ratings of college instructors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 278–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamir, P., and Lunetta, V. N. (1977). Comparison of ipsative and normative procedures in the study of cognitive preferences. Journal of Educational Research, 71, 86–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, C. E. (1961). A factor dimension comparison of normative and ipsative measurements. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 21, 433–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zavala, A. (1965). Development of the forced-choice rating scale technique. Psychological Bulletin, 63, 117–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gable, R.K. (1986). Scaling Affective Characteristics. In: Instrument Development in the Affective Domain. Evaluation in Education and Human Services, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7259-0_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7259-0_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-015-7261-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-7259-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics