Abstract
Lipoproteins are blood-soluble, complex aggregates of proteins and lipids. They are the major carriers of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, triglycerides, and other lipids such as fat-soluble vitamins*. Lipoproteins are classified according to their density (weight/volume) into chylomicrons, VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoproteins), IDL (Intermediate Density Lipoproteins), LDL (Low Density Lipoproteins) and VHDL (Very High Density Lipoproteins). Chylomicrons are often excluded from the lipoprotein classification, despite having many characteristics in common with the other lipoproteins.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Goldstein JL, Brown MS: The low-density lipoprotein pathway and its relationship to atherosclerosis. Ann Rev Biochem, 46: 897–930, 1977
Jackson RL, Morrisett JD, Gotto AM Jr: Lipoprotein structure and metabolism. Physiol Rev, 56: 259–316, 1976
Grundy SM: Dietary fats and sterols. In Levy RI, Rifkind BM, Dennis BH, Ernst ND (eds) Nutrition, Lipids, and Coronary Heart Disease. A Global View. pp 89–118. New York, Raven Press, 1979
Steinberg D: Research related to underlying mechanisms in atherosclerosis. Circulation, 60: 1559–1565, 1979
Pownall, HJ, Morrisett JD, Sparrow JT, Smith LC, Shepherd J, Jackson RL, Gotto AM Jr: A review of the unique feature of HDL apoproteins. Lipids, 14: 428–434, 1979
Smith LC, Pownall HJ, Gotto AM Jr: The plasma lipoproteins: structure and metabolism. Ann Rev Biochem, 47: 751–777, 1978
Morrisett JD, Jackson RL, Gotto AM Jr: Lipoproteins: structure and function. Ann Rev Biochem, 44: 183–207, 1975
Tall AR, Green PHR, Glickman RM: Formation of high density lipoproteins from chylomicrons. Circulation, 57, 58 (suppl. II): 11–15, 1978
Redgrave TG, Small DM: Transfer of surface components of chylomicrons to the high density lipoprotein fraction during chylomicron catabolism in the rat. Circulation, 57, 58(suppl. 11 ): 1114, 1978
Glickman RM: Intestinal lipoprotein formation. Nutr Metab, 24 (suppl 1): 3–11, 1980
Brown MS, Goldstein JL: Familial hypercholesterolemia: A genetic defect in the low-density lipoprotein receptor. N Engl J Med, 294: 1386–1390, 1976
Miller GJ, Miller NE: Plasma-high-density-lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart-disease. Lancet, 1: 16–19, 1975
Mann GV: Current concepts. Diet-heart: end of an era. N Engl J Med, 297: 644–650, 1977
Miller NE, Thelle DS, Ftrde OH, Mjös OD: The Troms¢ heart-study. High-density lipoprotein and coronary heart-disease: a prospective case-control study. Lancet, 1: 965–970, 1977
Anonyme: Blood lipids and coronary heart disease. Nutr Rev, 36: 239–241, 1978
Castelli WP, Doyle JT, Gordon T, Hames CG, Hjortland MC, Hulley SB, Kagan A, Zukel WJ: HDL cholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study. Circulation, 55: 767–772, 1977
Carlson LA, Olsson AG: Serum-lipoprotein-cholesterol distribution in healthy men with high serum-cholesterol concentrations: extrapolation to clofibrate trial. Lancet, 1: 869–870, 1979
Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T: Cholesterol in tte prediction of atherosclerotic disease. New perspectives based on the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med, 90: 85–91, 1979
Avogaro P, Cazzolato G, Bittolo Bon G, Quinci GB: Are apolipoproteins better discriminators than lipids for atherosclerosis? Lancet, 1: 901–903, 1979
Wieland H, Seidel D, Wiegand V, Kreuser H: Serum lipoproteins and coronary artery disease (CAD). Comparison of the lipoprotein profile with the results of coronary angiography. Atherosclerosis, 36: 269–280, 1980
Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T, McNamara PM: Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease: the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med, 74: 1–12, 1971
Goldstein JL, Hazzard WR, Schrott HG, Bierman EL, Motulsky AG: Hyperlipidemia in coronary heart disease. 1. Lipid levels in 500 survivors of myocardial infarctions. J Clin Invest, 52: 1533–1543, 1973
Wilhelmsen L, Wedel H, Tibblin G: Multivariate analysis of risk factors for coronary heart disease. Circulation, 48: 950–958, 1973
Tibblin G, Wilhelmsen L, Werkö L: Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death due to ischemic disease and other causes. Am J Cordial, 35: 514–522, 1975
Robertson TL, Kato H, Gordon T, Kagan A, Rhoads GG, Land CE, Worth RM, Belsky JL, Dock DS, Miyanishi M, Kawamoto S: Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California. Coronary heart disease risk factors in Japan and Hawaii. Am J Cardiol, 39: 244–249, 1977
Wilhelmsen L, Bengtsson C, Elmfeldt D, Vedin A, Wilhelmsson C, Tibblin G, Lindqvist O, Wedel H: Multiple risk prediction of myocardial infarction in women as compared with men. Br Heart J, 39: 1179–1185, 1977
Rhoads GG, Blackwelder WC, Stemmermann GN, Hayashi T, Kagan A: Coronary risk factors and autopsy findings in Japanese-American men. Lab Invest, 38: 304–311, 1978
Tzagournis M: Triglycerides in clinical medicine. A review. Am J Clin Nutr, 31: 1437–1452, 1978
Hulley SB, Rosenman RH, Bawol RD, Brand RJ: Epidemiology as a guide to clinical decisions. The association between triglyceride and coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med, 302: 1383–1389, 1980
Coronary Drug Project Research Group: Natural history of myocardial infarction in the coronary drug project: long-term prognostic importance of serum lipid levels. Am J Cardiol, 42: 489–498, 1978
Rifkind BM, Tamir I, Heiss G, Wallace RB, Tyroler HA: Distribution of high density and other lipoproteins in selected LRC prevalence study populations: A brief survey. Lipids, 14: 105–112, 1979
Berg K, Bprresen A-L, Dahlen G: Serumhigh-density-lipoprotein and atherosclerotic heart-disease. Lancet, 1: 499–505, 1976
Rhoads, GG, Gulbrandsen CL, Kagan A: Serum lipoproteins and coronary heart disease in a population study of Hawaii Japanese men. N Engl J Med, 294: 293–298, 1976
Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR: High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. The Framingham study. Am J Med, 62: 707–714, 1977
Williams P, Robinson D, Bailey A: High-density lipoprotein and coronary risk factors in normal men. Lancet, 1: 72–75, 1979
Avogaro P, Cazzolato G, Bittolo Bon G, Quinci GG: High and low high-density lipoproteins: clinical implications. Nutr Metab, 24 (suppl 1): 34–44, 1980
Avogaro P, Cazzolato G, Bittolo Bon G, Quinci GB: Values of apo-A, and apoB in humans according to ages and sex. Clinica Chim Acta, 95: 311–315, 1979
Yano Y, Irie N, Homma Y, Tsushima M, Takeuchi I, Nakaya N, Goto Y: High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the Japanese. Atherosclerosis, 36: 173–181, 1980
Carlson LA, Ericsson M: Quantitative and qualitative serum lipopròtein analysis. Part I. Studies in healthy men and women. Atherosclerosis, 21: 417–433, 1975
Albers JJ, Wahl PW, Cabana VG, Hazzard WR, Hoover JJ: Quantitation of apolypoprotein A-I of human plasma high density lipoprotein. Metabolism, 25: 633–644, 1976
Goto Y: Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in Japan. Atherosclerosis, 36: 341–349, 1980
Avogaro P, Cazzolato G, Bittolo Bon G, Quinci GB, Chinello M, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoproteins AI and B. Age and index body weight. Atherosclerosis, 31: 85–91, 1978
Garrison RJ, Kannel WB, Feinleib M, Castelli WP, McNamara PM, Padgett SJ: Cigarette smoking and HDL cholesterol. The Framingham offspring study. Atherosclerosis, 30: 17–25, 1978
Thompson PD, Jeffery RW, Wing RR, Wood PD: Unexpected decrease in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol with weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr, 32: 2016–2021, 1979
Hulley S, Ashman P, Kuller L, Lasser N, Sherwin R: HDL-cholesterol levels in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) by the MRFIT research group. Lipids, 14: 119–125, 1979
Hulley SB, Cohen R, Widdowson G: Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Influence of risk factor intervention. JAMA, 238: 2269–2271, 1977
Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Frerichs RR, Webber LS: Serum high density lipoprotein and its relationship to cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in children—The Bogalusa heart study. Lipids, 14: 91–98, 1979
Laskarzewski P, Morrison JA, Mellies MJ, Kelly K, Gartside PS, Khoury P, Glueck CJ: Relationships of measurements of body mass to plasma lipoproteins in schoolchildren and adults. Am J Epidemiol, 111: 395–406, 1980
Wood PD, Haskell WL: The effect of exercise on plasma high density lipoproteins. Lipids, 14: 417–427, 1979
Wood PD, Haskell W, Klein H, Lewis S, Stern MP, Farquhar JW: The distribution of plasma lipoproteins in middle-aged male runners. Metabolism, 25: 1249–1257, 1976
Krauss RM, Lindgren FT, Wood PD, Haskell WL, Albers JJ, Cheung MC: Differential increases in plasma high density lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoproteins. Circulation, 56 (suppl 111): 4, 1977
Wood PD, Haskell WL, Stern MP, Lewis S, Perry C: Plasma lipoprotein distributions in male and female runners. Ann NY Acad Sci, 301: 748–763, 1977
Hickey N, Mulcahy R, Bourke GJ, Graham I, Wilson-Davis K: Study of coronary risk factors related to physical activity in 15, 171 men. Br Med J, 214: 507–509, 1975
Miller NE, Rao S, Lewis B, Bj¢rsvik G, Myhre K, Mj¢s OD: High-density lipoprotein and physical activity. Lancet 1: 111, 1979
Rosenberg L, Shapiro S, Kaufman DW, Slone D, Miettinen OS, Stolley PD: Cigarette smoking in relation to the risk of myocardial infarction in young women. Modifying influence of age and predisposing factors. Intern J Epidemiol, 9: 57–63, 1980
Friedman GD: Cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease: new evidence and old reactions. Am Heart J, 99: 398–399, 1980
Pooling Project Research Group: Relationship of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking habit, relative weight and ECG abnormalities to incidence of major coronary events. Final report of the Pooling Project. J Chronic Dis, 31: 201–306, 1978
Miettinen OS, Neff R, Jick H: Cigarette smoking and nonfatal myocardial infarction: rate ratio in relation to age, sex, and predisposing conditions. Am J Epidemiol, 103: 30–36, 1936
Doll R, Peto R: Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years’ observation on male British doctors. Br Med J, 2: 1525–1536, 1976
Bain C, Hennekens CH, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Jessee MJ: Cigarette consumption and deaths from coronary heart disease. Lancet, 1: 1087–1088, 1978
Anonyme: Surgeon general’s report on smoking and health. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, DC, 1979
Godbourt U, Medalie JH: Characteristics of smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers among 10,000 adult males in Israel. II. Physiologic, biochemical and genetic characteristics. Am J Epidemiol, 105: 75–86, 1977
Castelli WP, Gordon T, Hjortland MC, Kagan A, Doyle JT, Hames CG, Hulley SB, Zukel WJ: Alcohol and blood lipids. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study. Lancet, 2: 153–155, 1977
Yano K, Rhoads GG, Kagan A: Coffee, alcohol and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese men living in Hawaii. N Engl J Med, 297: 405–409, 1977
Haynes SG, Feinleib M, Kannel WB: The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham study. III. Eight-year incidence of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol, 111: 37–58, 1980
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Research Group: The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). A national study of primary prevention of coronary heart disease. JAMA, 235: 825–827. 1976
Morrisett JD, Pownall HJ, Jackson RL, Segura R, Gotto AM, Taunton OD: Effects of polyunsaturated and saturated fat diets on the chemical composition and thermotropic properties of human plasma lipoproteins. In Kunau WH, Holman RT (eds) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, ch 8, pp 139–161. Champaign, Illinois, American Oil Chemist’s Society, 1977
Brussaard JH, Dallinga-thie G, Groot PHE, Katan MB: Effects of amount and type of dietary fat on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in man. A controlled 8-week trial. Atherosclerosis, 36: 515–527, 1980
Hjermann I, Enger SC, Helgeland A, Holme Leren P, Trygg K: The effect of dietary changes on high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Oslo study. Am J Med, 66: 105–109, 1979
Sacks, FM, Castelli WP, Donner A, Kass EH: Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in vegetarians and controls. N Engl J Med, 292: 1148–1151, 1975
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brisson, G.J. (1981). Lipoproteins. In: Lipids in Human Nutrition. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7212-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7212-5_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-015-7214-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-7212-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive