Abstract
As Eisenstadt has aptly pointed out, successful acculturation depends primarily on two factors: I) the immigrant’s expectations of the life the new country will offer him and 2) the extent to which the immigrant’s expectations can be realized in terms of the structure of the absorbing society.2 The immigrant’s expectations will, of course, depend on his previous life experiences. He will expect changes in the areas of life where he most experienced overwhelming frustration before. To understand better what the expectations of the Hungarian immigrants were in 1956, we shall now turn to a consideration of the political, social, and economic conditions in Hungary for the fifty years prior to the revolution.
This chapter was based on materials furnished by the Columbia University Research Project on Hungary and the following secondary sources:
L. B. Bain, The Reluctant Satellites: An Eyewitness Report on East Europe and the Hungarian Revolution (New York: Macmillan, 1960).
Istvan Deak, “Hungary,” in The European Right: A Historical Profile, eds. Hans Rogger and Eugen Weber (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965), pp. 364-407.
Eugen Duschinsky, “Hungary,” in The Jews in the Soviet Satellites, ed. Peter Meyer et al. (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1953).
John Eppstein, Hungary (Cambridge, England: British Survey Handbooks, 1945).
Francois Fejto, Behind the Rape of Hungary (London: McKay, 1957).
George Florins, “Hungary under Horthy,” Contemporary Review, CLXXXIV (1953), pp. 216–221.
Nicholas Halasz, In the Shadow of Russia: Eastern Europe in the Post-War World (New York: Ronald Press, 1959).
Ernst C. Heimreich ed., Hungary (New York: Praeger, 1957).
Paul Ignotus, Political Prisoner (New York: Macmillan, 1960).
Paul Kecskemeti, The Unexpected Revolution (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1961).
John Kosa, “Hungarian Society in the Time of the Regency (1920–1944),” Journal of Central European Affairs,XVI (April, 1956), PP. 254–256.
C. A. Macartney, Hungary: A Short History (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co., 1962).
Dora Scarlett, Window into Hungary (London: Broadacre, no date).
R. A. Schermerhorn, These Our People (Boston: D. C. Heath, 1949).
Jacob S. Siegel, The Population of Hungary (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1958).
Denis Sinor, History of Hungary (London: Allen & Unwin, 1959).
Rustem Vambery, Hungary — To Be or Not to Be (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1946).
Paul E. Zinner, Revolution in Hungary (New York: Columbia University Press, 1962).
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References
S. N. Eisenstadt, op. cit.,pp. 9—IO.
A smallholder was a peasant whose land-holding was between 2.88–5.76 hectares. (A hectare is the equivalent of 2.47 acres.)
A dwarfholder was a peasant whose land-holding was under 2.88 hectares, that is to say, it was too small to enable him to support his f amily.
The terms “Magyar” and “Hungarian” are synonymous. The appellation “Magyar” is used technically to designate the original settlers of Greater Hungary who migrated as nomads to this region from western Asia at the end of the ninth century A.D. Strictly speaking, the term “Magyar” refers only to the descendants of these original settlers. Since members of other nationalities have been assimilated into the Magyars during the past root) years, the term “Magyar” is used in this study only when differentiating that part of the population of Greater Hungary which identifies with the Magyar language and culture from the various minority groups who have settled in Hungary but identify with other languages and cultures. In other instances, all people who identify with the Magyar language and culture are designate as “Hungarian,” regardless of their origins.
Paul E. Zinner, “Revolution in Hungary: Reflections on the Vicissitudes of a Totalitarian System,” Journal of Politics, XXI (1959), is.
cf. S. N. Eisenstadt, op. cit., pp. 1–2; 242.
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Weinstock, S.A. (1969). Hungary: 1914–1956. In: Acculturation and Occupation: A Study of the 1956 Hungarian Refugees in the United States. Publications of the Research Group for European Migration Problems, vol 15. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-6563-9_3
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