Abstract
Alexander I’s reign began on March 12, 1801, with the assassination of his father, Paul I. Three days later, Alexander Radishchev was granted complete freedom. Among some seven hundred persons,1 many of them victims of the secret police, confined in fortresses or exiled to various places within the empire and deprived of noble rank was “former Collegial Councillor Radishchev,” domiciled in the Kaluga province. The decree permitted the pardoned to go where they wished and provided for the immediate cessation of police observation.2
The price of slain people cannot be measured in cash.
Radishchev, On the Price of Slain People
Why should I choose to be Cato dying by his own hand, rather than Caesar in his triumphs? Take from our hearts this love of what is noble and you rob us of the joy of life.
Rousseau, Emile.
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References
s Semennikov, Radishchev, 112.
P. S. Z., XXVI, 584–5.
N. A. Radishchev, op. cit., 580.
“Proshenie na imia Pavla I,” P. S. S., III, 533–4.
M. N. Sukhomlinov, “K biografiiu A. N. Radishcheva,” in Istoricheskii vestnik, (January, 1889), 246.
“Zapiski Il’inskago,” Russkii Arkhiv (1879), kn. 12, 415–418.
Cited in Marc Raeff, Michael Speransky, Statesman of Imperial Russia, 1772–1839 (The Hague, 1957), 23.
Cited by David M. Lang, “Radishchev and the Legislative Commission of Alexander I,” American Slavic and East European Review, VI, Nos. 18–19 (December, 1947), 12. See alos for this chapter Lang, The First Russian Radical, Ch. 14, “The Last Months,” 249–270.
M. I. Sukhomlinov, Izsledovaniia i stat’i (SPb., 1889), 614.
Stroganov warned that the tsar must not offend the nobility, which “constitutes a significant mass and could easily obtain influence.” Velikii Kniaz Nikolai Mikhailovich, Graf P. A. Stroganov, II (SPb., 1903), 108ff.
Letter to Kochubei, 10 May 1796, quoted in S. Mel’gunov, Dela i liudi aleksandrovskogo vremeni, (Berlin, 1923), 39.
Vel. Kn. Nikolai Mikhailovich, op. cit., II, 33.
A. K. V., XII, 274.
See V. N. Orlov, Russkie prosvetiteli 1790–1800 gg. (M.-L., 1950).
V. I. Semevskii, Krest’ane v tsarstvovane Ekateriny II, t. I, vvedenie, xxvi.
Vel. Kn. Nikolai Mikhailovich, op. cit., I, 101.
Semennikov, Radishchev, 115.
“Knigi iz sobraniia A. N. Radishcheva,” Dela i dni, (Petrograd, 1920), BK. I.
P. S. S., III, 500.
P. A. Radishchev, op. cit., 422.
Kallash, I, 464.
The full text is given in Semennikov, Radishchev, 180–194.
Georg Sacke, Graf A. Voroncov, A. N. Radishchev und der “Gnadenbrief für das Russische Volk” (Emsdetten, n.d.) doubts Radishchev’s participation. But see V. I. Semevskii, KresV-ianskii vopros v Riossi, I (SPb., 1888), 250; Semennikov, Radishchev, 133–5
I. M. Trotskii, “Zakonodatel’nie proekty Radishcheva,” in Akad. Nauk, Institut rus. lit., Radishchev. Materialy (M., 1936), 35–56.
G. Vernadsky, “Reforms under Czar Alexander I,” Review of Politics (January, 1947), 150.
Ts. G. I. A. L., F. 1259, op. 3, d. 229/6, cited in Makogonenko, op. cit., 587.
Sukhomlinov, Izsledovaniia i stat’i, 614.
“Proshenia na imia Aleksandra I,” P. S. S., III, 534–5.
P. S. Z., XXVI, 759–760.
Makogonenko, op. cit., 610.
P. S. S., III, 145–165.
P. A. Radishchev, op. cit., 422.
Semennikov’s title for this untitled memorandum has been generally accepted. He discovered the work in the archives of Count Vorontsov, bound with Vorontsov’s arms on the cover. There are numerous corrections in Radishchev’s hand and the text contains a reference to the memorandum O zakonopolozhenii, which Radishchev undoubtedly wrote. See Semennikov, Radishchev, 138–147, 365–372. The text is given in P. S. S., III, 170–245 and an analysis, ibid., 597–599.
The subjects covered are enumerated in Lang, “Radishchev,” 16–17. See also his The First Russian Radical, 263–8.
P. S. S., III, 404.
Cited in Lang, “Radishchev,” 19.
Ibid., 18.
He attended the Commission 17 times in January, 11 in February, 14 in March, 9 in April (which had a seventeen-day Easter recess), 14 in May, n in June, 13 in July, 5 in August and twice in September. Makogonenko, op. cit., 608.
Ibid.
“O tsenakh za liudei ubiennykh,” and “O prave podsudimykh otvodit’ sudei i vybirat’ sebe zashchitnika,” P. S. S., III, 246–8, 249–50.
Lang, “Radishchev,” 13.
Il’inskii, op. cit., 416.
See his brilliant discussion, “The ‘Constutitionalism’ of Emperor Alexander I,” Ch. II in Marc Raeff, Micheal Speransky, 29–48.
Il’inskii, op. cit., 416.
P. A. Radishchev, op. cit., 422.
Il’inskii, op. cit., 415–8.
P. S. S., III, 535.
L. I. Kulakova, “Neizdannoe Pis’mo A. N. Radishcheva,” in Akad. Nauk, Otdelenie lit. i iazyka. Izvestiia, t. 15 (1956), vyp. 1, 159–160.
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© 1964 Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands
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McConnell, A. (1964). Return to Service. In: A Russian Philosophe Alexander Radishchev 1749–1802. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-3375-1_13
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