Abstract
In the United States, endive is a familiar but infrequently used salad plant. It occurs in two forms, a narrow-leaved type and a broad-leaved type that is better known as escarole. Some chicory is grown in the United States as a green salad vegetable.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
ANON. 1971. Research activities 1971, Institute of Horticulture and Floriculture. Annali della Facolta de Agraria, Universita di Pisa 32, 119–137. (Italian)
BANNEROT, H. 1977. Personal communication. Versailles, France.
BANNEROT, H. and de CONINCK, B. 1976A. Breeding “roodloof” (red brussel chicory). Proc. Eucarpia Meet. Leafy Vegetables, Wageningen, Holland, Mar. 15–18 p.17.
BANNEROT, H. and de CONINCK, B. 1976B. Heterosis in witloof chicory at the forcing stage. Proc. Eucarpia Meet. Leafy Vegetables, Wageningen, Holland, Mar. 15–18, pp. 4–7.
BOSWELL, V.R. 1949. Our vegetable travelers. National Geographic 96, 145–217.
de CONINCK, B. and COCHET, J.P. 1976. Research on varieties and forcing techniques for endive roots in air conditioned room. Proc. Eucarpia Meet. Leafy Vegetables, Wageningen, Holland, Mar. 15–18 pp. 8–16.
EENINK, A.H. and van DAM, R. 1973. A quick method for testing for incompatibility in witloof crosses. Zaadbelangen 14, 275–276. (Dutch)
ERNST-SCHWARZENBACH, M. 1932. On the genetics and fertility of Lactuca sativa R. and Cichorium endiuia L. Arch. J. Klaus-Slifg. Zurich 7, 1–35. (German)
FIALA, V., JOLIVET, E. and de CONINCK, B. 1976. Biochemical approach to forcing witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) roots by the study of variations in its carbohydrate composition. Proc. Eucarpia Meet. Leafy Vegetables, Wageningen, Holland, Mar. 15–18 pp. 18–28.
FRIEDMAN, B.A. 1951. Pseudomonas marginalis as the cause of soft rot of imported witloof chicory. Phytopathology 41, 880–888.
GARIBALDI, A. and TESI, R. 1971. Resistance to Alternaria porri f. sp. cichorii in Cichorium sp. and its heredity. Riv. Ortoflorofrutti. 55, 350–355. (Italian)
GERSTEL, D.U. 1950. Self incompatibility studies in guayule. II. Inheritance. Genetics 35, 482–506.
GIRENKO, M.M. 1971. Variability of characters and classification of endive (Cichorium endivia L.). Tr. Prikl. Bot., Genet. Sel. 45, 76–86. (Rumanian)
HARRINGTON, J.F., RAPPAPORT, L. and HOOD, K.J. 1957. Influence of gibberellins on stem elongation and flowering of endive. Science 125, 601–602.
HEDRICK, U.P. (Editor) 1972. Sturtevant’s Edible Plants of the World. Dover, N.Y.
HUGHES, M.B. and BABCOCK, E.B. 1950. Self-incompatibility in Crepis foetida (L.) ssp. rhoedifolia (Bieb) Schinz et Keller. Genetics 35, 570–588.
HUYSKES, J.A. 1960. Forcing in relation to the vegetative cycle. Ann. Gembloux 28, 121–138. (French)
HUYSKES, J.A. 1963. Improvement of witloof for forcing without covering soil. Meded. Dir. Tuin. 202. (Dutch)
JACKSON, A.A. 1952. Witloof chicory. J. Royal Hortic. Soc. 77, 47–54.
JOLIVET, E., LEFEVRE, S. and de CONINCK, B. 1974. Determination of the maturity of the root of Brussels chicory with the aid of a simple biochemical test. Pepin. Hortic. Maraich 149, 97–100. (French)
JOLIVET, E., LEFEVRE, S. and de CONINCK, B. 1975. Biochemical study of the maturity of the witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) root in relation to chicon production. 3eme Congres Int. Witloof Alkmarr (Parp-Bas), Sept. 25–26, pp. 1–9. (French)
JOLIVET, E., NICOL, M.Z. and COCHET, J.P. 1971.14CO2 fixation evidence of the modification of the metabolism of organic acids and free amino acids in the root of endive (Chicorium intybus L.) in the course of its growth and development. Sec. Hortic. d’Eucarpia, Symp. Int., Chicoree Bruxelles, Gembloux Feb. 17–18 1970, pp. 177–206. (French)
LIPS, J. 1976. Some experiences with new varieties of witloof for forcing without soil covering. Proc. Eucarpia Meet. Leafy Vegetables, Wageningen, Holland, Mar. 15–18 pp. 40–47.
MAYNARD, D.N., GERSTEN, B. and VERNELL, H.F. 1962. The cause and control of brownheart of escarole. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 81, 371–375.
OLIVIERI, A.M. 1972. Analysis of some genetic parameters in a cross of Cichorium intybus L. Riv. Agron. 6, 171–174. (Italian)
RAMSEY, G.B., FRIEDMAN, B.A. and SMITH, M.A. 1959. Market diseases of beets, chicory, endive, escarole, globe artichokes, lettuce, rhubarb, spinach and sweet potatoes. USDA Agric. Handbook 155.
RAPPAPORT, L. and WITTWER, S.H. 1956. Stimulation of flowering by vernalization of endive seedlings—A preliminary report. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 67, 438–439.
RICK, C.M. 1953. Hybridization between chicory and endive. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 62, 459–466.
ROGGEN, H.P. J.R. 1976. Prediction of the proper stage of maturity for forcing chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) by determination of inulase activity. Proc. Eucarpia Meet. Leafy Vegetables, Wageningen, Holland, Mar. 15–18 pp. 29–31.
RUTHERFORD, P.P. 1977. Changes during prolonged cold storage in the reducing sugars in chicory roots and their effects on the chicons produced after forcing. J. Hortic. Sci. 52, 99–103.
RUTHERFORD, P.P. and JACKSON, A.A. 1965. The influence of chilling on the degradation of oligosaccharides of fructose in the roots of Brussels chicory and the effect on the production of chicons. Ann. Gembloux 71, 187–196. (French)
RUTHERFORD, P.P. and PHILIPS, D.E. 1975. Carbohydrate changes in chicory during forcing. J. Hortic. Sci. 50, 463–473.
RUTHERFORD, P.P. and WESTON, E.W. 1968. Carbohydrate changes during cold storage of some inulin-containing roots and tubers. Phytochemistry 7, 175–180.
SARRAZYN, R. 1976. Study of varieties with Belgian endive without a comparison with soil covering (sic). Proc. Eucarpia Meet. Leafy Vegetables, Wageningen, Holland, Mar. 15–18 pp. 32–39.
SEELIG, R.A. 1964. Endive-escarole-chicory. Fruit and vegetable facts and pointers. United Fresh Fruit Vegetable Assoc, Washington, D.C.
STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. 1977. Production of Vegetables and Fruit, 1965–1976. Eurostat, Brussels.
STOUT, A.B. 1916. Self and cross pollinations in Cichorium intybus with reference to stability. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 6, 333–454.
TESI, R. 1968. Genetic improvement of endive (Cichorium endivia L. var. latifolium). III. Selections and crosses. Riv. Ortoflorofrutti. 52, 416–431. (Italian)
THOMPSON, R.C. 1946. Germination of endive seed (Cichorium endivia) at high temperature stimulated by thiourea and by water treatments. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 47, 323–326.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 1977. Agricultural Statistics, 1977. U.S. Govt. Printing Off., Washington, D.C.
Van den MUIJZENBERG, E.W.B. 1952. The influence of the air-conditioned glasshouse on the growth of plants. 13th Int. Hortic. Congress, London, Sept. 8–15, Rep., Vol. 2, pp. 895–903.
WATT, B.K. and MERRILL, A.L. 1963. Composition of Food. USDA Agricultural Handbook 8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1979 The AVI Publishing Company, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ryder, E.J. (1979). Endive and Chicory. In: Leafy Salad Vegetables. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9699-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9699-4_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-011-9701-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-9699-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive