Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

New Zealand’s Claim to the Ross Dependency

  • Chapter
The Ross Dependency

  • 51 Accesses

Abstract

The New Zealand Government took no active interest in the Dependency from 1923 to 1955.1 In 1934 the British Ambassador to Washington protested against Admiral Byrd’s establishment of a Post Office in the Dependency and operation of a radio station and aircraft without permission.2 It has been stated that New Zealand gave Byrd permission to be in the Dependency, although he had not requested it, 3 and if this is the case it will be necessary to examine the terms when published. However the failure to protest against the expedition’s actual presence in the Dependency is surely the crux of the matter.4 In 1955 New Zealand offered to extend all facilities to the United States expedition and gave it permission to provide its own postal services “in the absence of ordinary postal facilities in the Dependency.” Such postal facilities were established on 11 January 1957, 6 but United States postal facilities were, and are, still open. It may be presumed that, from that date, the permission which was doubtless not requested by the United States, lapsed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. E. L. Robertson, Chairman, Ross Dependency Research Committee, in foreword to Quartermain (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hackworth (supra) 456.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Grattan (supra) at p. 614.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Daniel (supra) at p. 245.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Press Statement dated 16 November 1955 of R. M. Algie, Acting Minister of External Affairs, cited in Department’s letter (supra).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Helm (supra) at p. 397.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fauchille (supra) 661.

    Google Scholar 

  8. (supra) at p. 63.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Donnelly (supra) at p. 149.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Minquiers and Ecrehos case (supra) at p. 106.

    Google Scholar 

  11. “Claims in Antarctic” (13 March 1930) New Zealand Herald. Byrd said he would not have gone to Antarctica without asking New Zealand permission, L. B. Quartermain, New Zealand and the Antarctic (1971) 65.

    Google Scholar 

  12. 1958 N.Z.T.S. 2 (renewed by 1961 N.Z.T.S. 3) incorporating an informal understanding in force for several years, Baldwin (supra) at p. 113.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hayter (supra) at p. 22.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Taubenfeld (supra) at p. 264.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Support for Science (supra) at p. 15.

    Google Scholar 

  16. “Endeavour Slips Away” Auckland Star (28 July 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hayter (supra) at p. 80.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Letter from Capt. D. W. McDonald, Public Affairs Officer, U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica (18 July 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  19. “Endeavour’s Work not Finished”, Northern Advocate (24 March 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Art. 3, 1962 N.Z.T.S. 7 (renewed for five years by 1968 N.Z.T.S. 9).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Prebble (supra) at p. 32.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hayter (supra) at p. 22.

    Google Scholar 

  23. 2 Terres Australes at Antarctiques Françaises (January 1958), 34.

    Google Scholar 

  24. M. Whatman, “A Great Explorer”, Christchurch Star (19 April 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  25. B. Stonehouse, “Animal Conservation in Antarctica”, 23(1) N.Z. Sci. Rev. (1965), 3, 6.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Deep Freeze 69 (supra) at p. 14.

    Google Scholar 

  27. U.S. Navy Task Force 43 Report on Operation Deep Freeze 65, 1964—1965 (1965), 39.

    Google Scholar 

  28. “New Zealand film unit director dies in Polar crash”, Auckland Star (20 November 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Prebble (supra) at p. 84.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Helm (supra) at p. 395.

    Google Scholar 

  31. 3 Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (April 1958), 16.

    Google Scholar 

  32. H-P. Kosack, “Antartida Argentina”, 3(2) Polar Forschung (1951), 129, 130.

    Google Scholar 

  33. R. E. Wilson, “National Interests and Claims in the Antarctic”, 17(1) Arctic (1964), 15, 23.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Sullivan (supra) at p. 272.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Quartermain (1967) (supra) at p. 163.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Helm (supra) at p. 394.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Henderson (supra) at p. 19.

    Google Scholar 

  38. “Forms belie claim”, New Zealand Herald (28 November 1956).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Antarctic Division, D.S.I.R., Antarctic Operations Manual (July 1968), 10.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Antarctic Division, D.S.I.R., Antarctic Operations Manual (July 1968), 25.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Helm (supra) at p. 269.

    Google Scholar 

  42. “Antarctic Polling Booths” 5(7) Antarctic (September 1969), 302.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Antarctic Division, D.S.I.R., Antarctic Operations Manual (July 1968). Of special note is the direction to address mail to “Scott Base, Antarctica” (at p. 18).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Phillips (supra) at pp. 119, 129, 130, 133.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Craig (supra) at p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Deep Freeze 69 (supra) at p. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  47. J. H. Weir, Counsellor to the N.Z. Embassy, Washington, “New Zealand in the Antarctic” 5(8) Bull. U.S. Ant. Pro]. Off. (April 1964), 6, 7.

    Google Scholar 

  48. v. Münch (supra) at p. 249.

    Google Scholar 

  49. J. C. Bluntschli, Das Moderne Völkerrecht (1872), 168.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Primavera Acuña de Mones Ruiz, Antartida Argentina, Isolas Océamcos, Mar Argentina (1949), 45.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Henderson (supra).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Hayton (1960) (supra) at p. 397.

    Google Scholar 

  53. 50 and 51 Vict. c. 54.

    Google Scholar 

  54. A. Berriedale Keith, “Responsible Government in the Dominions” ii. 1039—1040.

    Google Scholar 

  55. 9 and 10 Geo. 6 c. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Roberts-Wray (supra) at p. 179 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  57. In discussing the Ice Shelf claim.

    Google Scholar 

  58. N.Z. Parl. Deb. (Leg. Coun.) Vol. 202: 81 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  59. “The Ross Dependency” (supra).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Cf. Re Trepca Mines (1960), 1 W.L.R. 1273, per Hodson, L.J.

    Google Scholar 

  61. For a list see Halsbury, Laws of England, iv, 502.

    Google Scholar 

  62. 1933 S.R. and O. 2089.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Australian Antarctic Territory Acceptance Act 1933. Comm. Acts, 1901—1950 i. 227.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Grattan (supra) at p. 615.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Castles (supra) at p. 300.

    Google Scholar 

  66. R. B. Stewart, Treaty Relations of the British Commonwealth of Nations (1939). 339.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Castles (supra).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Richardson (supra) at p. 40.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Cf. J. E. S. Fawcett, The British Commonwealth in International Law (1963), 172, expressing another view.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Castles (supra) at p. 301.

    Google Scholar 

  71. New Zealand Boundaries Act (1863), 26 and 27 Vict. c. 23 (U.K.) and Colonial Boundaries Act (1895), 58 and 59 Vict. c. 34 (U.K.).

    Google Scholar 

  72. 38 and 39 Vict. c. 51.

    Google Scholar 

  73. 1923 N.Z. Gaz. 2815.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Statute of Westminster 1931, 22 and 23 Geo. 5 c. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Kermadec Islands Act 1887 (1887 No. 1). It may be that, as suggested by Prendergast, C. J., in 1893, this Act was ultra vires in that it constituted an amendment by the New Zealand Parliament of an Act of the Imperial Parliament, the New Zealand Boundaries Act (supra) at a time when the New Zealand Parliament had no such power. (J. B. Haigh, “Raoul (Sunday) Island, Kermadec Group: A Brief History”, 16(2) Historical Review (November 1968), 66, 70).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Cook Islands Act 1915 (1915 No. 40).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Tokelau Islands Act 1948 (1948 No. 24).

    Google Scholar 

  78. (supra).

    Google Scholar 

  79. Under a similar provision in a Palestinian Order in Council it was held that the English law of trusts was inapplicable to the conditions of Palestine, and it would seem that this proviso is of very far reaching effect.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Operations Manual (1968) (supra) 22.

    Google Scholar 

  81. 1969 N.Z. Gaz. 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  82. No. 61.2 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  83. No. 45.1 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  84. N.Z. Parl. Deb. Vol. 324: 1921—1922 (30 August 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  85. It may be presumed that the delegates were aware of the problems raised by Keith thirty years before.

    Google Scholar 

  86. 1948 N.Z.T.S. 11, at p. 13.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Conference (supra) at p. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Re Maryon-Wilson’s Estate, [1912] 1 Ch. 55, 66, per Farwell, L.J.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Quartermain (1967) (supra) at p. 169.

    Google Scholar 

  90. N.Z. Parl. Deb. (Leg. Coun.) Vol. 202: 81 (1923). See also N.Z. Parl. Deb. Vol. 209: 1001 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  91. H-P. Kosack, Antarktis (1955), 141.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Swan (supra) at pp. 185-186.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Hackworth (supra) 456.

    Google Scholar 

  94. E. K. Braybrooke, “The Future of Antarctica”, 10(4) Landfall (December 1956), 330, 331.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Lampe (supra) at p. 89.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Smedal (supra) at p. 74.

    Google Scholar 

  97. N.Z. Official Year Book, 1947—1949 (808), 1951—1952 (916), 1954 (1012), 1966 (1006), 1967 (988).

    Google Scholar 

  98. A. D. Pharand, “Freedom of the Seas in the Arctic Ocean”, 19(2) U.T.L.J. (1969), 210, 230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Exchange of Notes constituting an agreement regarding the free right of passage to aircraft over British and French territories in the Antarctic, signed at Paris on 25 October 1938, CXCII L.N.T.S. 325. Noted in N.Z. Treaty List, 1948, No. n, p. 40.

    Google Scholar 

  100. “Tourist Flights to Antarctic Drawing Closer”, N.Z. Herald (26 November 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  101. “Antarctic Tests may affect World”, per Father Daniel Linehan S. J., N.Z. Herald (4 March 1958).

    Google Scholar 

  102. “Solid Antarctic Airfield”, N.Z. Herald (18.9.57).

    Google Scholar 

  103. “Antarctica may be tourist stop next year” N.Z. Herald (20 November 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  104. “Early ice break at McMurdo” N.Z. Herald (6 February 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  105. Ellsworth (supra) map at p. 132.

    Google Scholar 

  106. H. L. Hauptman, “The Validity of Claims of Sovereignty over Antarctic Lands”, 6 N.Y.U. Intramural L.R. (1950), 112, 120.

    Google Scholar 

  107. A. Chayes, T. Ehrlich and A. F. Lowenfeld, “International Legal Process” (1969), ii. 1371.

    Google Scholar 

  108. 16 U.N.G.A.O.R. (1962), 1532—1536.

    Google Scholar 

  109. The Southern Rhodesia Act 1965, 45 Hals, Stat. 249.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Oscar Vila Labra, Chilenos en la Antartica 2nd ed. (1947), 159.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Eastern Greenland case (supra) at p. 46.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Swan (supra) at p. 257.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Taijudo (supra) at p. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  114. A.J.I.L. (1940), Supp. 83, 84.

    Google Scholar 

  115. S. Wölk, “The Basis of Soviet Claims in the Antarctic”, 5(4) Bulletin of the Institute for the Study of the U.S.S.R. (April 1958), 43, 46.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Cf. Pruck (supra) at p. 660.

    Google Scholar 

  117. 16(392), Dep. State Bull. (5 January 1947) 30.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Prebble (supra) at pp. 5-6.

    Google Scholar 

  119. “Barred Antarctic Team wanted to do free research” Auckland Star (13 October 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  120. McKitterick (supra) at p. 96.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Cf. O’Connell (supra) at p. 521 on the Australian claim.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Sen. Mansfield. Cong. Rec. (supra) 15981.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Cf. P. Law, “Antarctica since the I.G.Y.”, The Australian Traveller (6 October 1966), 63, 104.

    Google Scholar 

  124. N.Z. Parl. Deb. Vol. 325: 2994 (12 October 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  125. “Protein from Antarctic?” 5(6) Antarctic (June 1969), 260.

    Google Scholar 

  126. “First Women at the Pole”, N.Z. Herald (13 November 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  127. Helm (supra) at p. 43.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. F. M. Auburn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1972 Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Auburn, F.M. (1972). New Zealand’s Claim to the Ross Dependency. In: The Ross Dependency. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9540-9_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9540-9_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-8708-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-9540-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation