Abstract
Many different considerations have led the authorities to control aviation on military and economic grounds as well as for safety reasons. The activities of even the earliest aeronauts immediately led to the issue of government edicts and decrees1.
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References
Order of the French Police of 23rd April 1784, controlling the ascent of “Montgolfières” and order of the Hamburg municipal authorities of 18th August, 1786, cited by Riese, “Luftrecht”, page 10. For a description of these first flights see Davy, “Interpretive History of Flight”; Fuld, “Van Icarus tot Zeppelin”.
Riese, “Luftrecht” page 97; Pépin, “Le Droit Aérien”, Recueil des Cours de l’Academie de Droit International 1947, page 490.
Wagner, “Les Libertés de l’Air” page 91.
In the meantime Guatemala has denounced the Convention, which denunciation will be effective on 1st June, 1953.
Cf. Goedhuis, “Handboek voor het Luchtrecht” page 323; Telders, “Le droit des gens dans la jurisprudence des Pays-Bas” page 3, and the jurisprudence mentioned therein; Langemeyer, “Inleiding tot de Studie van het Nederlandsche Recht” page 84; to the same effect Riese, “Luftrecht” page 61.
See Riese, “Luftrecht” page 107 onwards and page 129; for a more extensive version see Wagner, “Les Libertés de l’Air”.
Cf. Goedhuis, “Air Law in the Making” page 27.
Cf. Le Goff, “The Present State of Air Law” page 2; Nicholson, “Air Transportation Management” page 84.
Rules of Procedures for and Directives to Divisions, ICAO Doc. 5417-AN/626; Relative Functions of the Council, the Air Navigation Commission, the Divisions and the Secretariat in the Development of Annexes to the Convention, Doc AN-WP/512.
For some time there has been a vacancy in the Council so that there are only twenty members at the moment; the question has therefore arisen whether the Council is “legally” constituted.
International Air Transport Association, union of over 60 scheduled airlines, residing in Montreal, its aims being: a) to promote safe, regular and economical air transport, b) to provide means for collaboration among the air transport enterprises engaged directly or indirectly in international air transport service, c) to cooperate with ICAO and other international organizations.
International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations, comprises 19 associations of transport pilots with a total of about 10,000 associate members. The Federation is established in London and has amongst other things the following purposes: — a) To promote the interests of the air line piloting profession, b) To aid in the establishment of fair rates of compensation, maximum hours of employment and uniform principles of seniority, c) To foster the passage of legislation to improve the safety of working conditions.
Le Goff, “The Present State of Air Law” page 16.
Cf. Lemoine, “Traité de Droit Aérien” page 59.
Cf. le Goff, loc. cit. pages 7 and 14; comparing the CINA and ICAO this author is, however, of the opinion that with the ICAO “the power to issue international regulations remained intact”, an opinion we do not share.
Cf. Honig, “Overheidsaansprakelijkheid en Luchtvaart” N.J.B. 1951, page 767.
Le Goff, “The Present State of Air Law” page 24.
Cleveringa, „Het Nieuwe Zeerecht” page 214.
This chapter also deals with the aeroplane and engine logbooks, which documents, however, — contrary to what the title of the chapter suggests — need not be on board.
Article 348, par. 1 W.v.K., cf. Cleveringa, “Het Nieuwe Zeerecht” page 247.
Article 184 sexies and article 184 par. 2. In addition, these regulations will have to be altered now that radio telephony has taken the place of radio telegraphy in many cases; registration of all messages is then impracticable, whilst at the same time the necessity hereto is reduced now that more and more communication is automatically recorded with wire recorders on the ground.
Act of 26th October, 1935, S. 626 for the Regulation of the Sanitary Controlof Aerial Navitation and Decree of 11th February, 1936, S. 840; for the danger of contagion as a consequence of air navigation see McFarland, “Human Factors in Air Transport Design” pages 165-208; Ogburn, “The Social Effects of Aviation” page 381.
Decree of 27th December, 1928, S. 500 and Resolution of the Minister of Finance of 17th July, 1929, No. 169.
A first case of childbirth in the air reportedly took place in 1889 on board a balloon, see Bonnefoy, “Le Code de l’Air” page 216. Airline members of IATA do not generally transport women who are presumptively more than seven months pregnant.
Cf. Coquoz, “Les Perspectives d’avenir du Droit Privé International Aérien”, R.G.D.A. 1938 page 36; Lemoine, “Traité de Droit Aérien” page 205.
Cf. Cleveringa, “Het Nieuwe Zeerecht” page 250.
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Kamminga, M.S. (1953). The Authorities and the Aircraft Commander. In: The Aircraft Commander in Commercial Air Transportation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9467-9_2
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