Abstract
To the student of international organization, the process of implementation of the League Covenant and the United Nations Charter is peculiarly interesting and instructive since it demonstrates the intensity of power politics in the period of post-war reconstruction. Both of these multilateral instruments had formulated the structural framework for collective peace and security, and had significantly left the precise procedure of their enforcement to the discretion of the original signatories. In both cases, there was a hiatus, which was essentially a period of suspense from the international standpoint, between the adoption of the Covenant and the Charter on the one hand, and the approval of the Mandates and Trust Agreements on the other as shown below: Besides, the final settlement of the legal status of the ex-enemy colonies which were placed under international supervision was made in both cases within four years of the cessation of hostilities. Thus, considerable delay, which was the common feature, reflected procedural difficulties and political controversies among the Principal Powers who were primarily responsible for the drafting of the new formula.
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References
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Ibid., Journal No. 13, Supp. No. 4, A/C. 4/5, 24 January 1946, p. 11.
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Supra, p. 76.
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These were for New Guinea (Australia), Western Samoa (New Zealand), Ruanda-Urundi (Belgium), Togoland, and the Cameroons and Tanganyika (Britain), Togoland and the Cameroons (France).
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U.N. Doc. A/258, 12 December 1946, p. 6; A/C. 4/69, 7 December 1946, p. 6.
G.A., O.R., First Sess., Pt. II, Fourth Comm., SR., Part I, pp. 159-160.
Ibid., Part II, Annex 15, Doc. A/C. 4/Sub. 1/59, p. 284.
Ibid., Part I, p. 160.
Ibid., pp. 146, 161.
Ibid., pp. 146, 162.
Ibid., pp. 147, 162-163.
Ibid., pp. 145, 163-164.
Ibid., pp. 169-170.
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Ibid., p. 167.
G.A., O.R., First Sess., Pt.II, Plenary Meetings, 62,13 December 1946, pp.1277-1283. 6 Ibid., Plenary Meetings, 61, 13 December 1946, pp. 1267-1271.
Ibid., pp. 1286–1288.
Ibid., p. 1322.
Ibid., Journal No. 62., p. 130.
L.N., Official Journal, II Yr., Jan-Feb., 1921, pp. 11–12, 84-95 (Texts).
G.A., O.R., Second Sess., Fourth Comm., SR., 1947, pp. 99-100.
U.N. Doc. A/402/Rev. 1, 21 October 1947, pp. 2-3; A/420, 27 October 1947, p. 2 7 Ibid., A/420, 27 October 1947, pp. 3-4, 8.
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Infra, pp. 121, 133.
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Cited by A. H. Macdonald, op. cit., pp. 27-28.
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For text of these Agreements, see U.N., Treaty Series, Vol. 8 (1947): No. 115, Western Samoa, 13 December 1946, pp. 72-88
No. 116, Tanganyika, 13 December 1946, pp. 92-102
No. 117, Ruanda-Urundi, 13 December 1946, pp. 106-116
No. 118, British Cameroons, 13 December 1946, pp. 120-132
No. 119, French Cameroons, 13 December 1946, pp. 136-148
No. 120, British Togoland, 13 December 1946, pp. 152-162
No. 121, French Togoland, 13 December 1946, pp. 166-178
No. 122, New Guinea, 13 December 1946, pp. 182-186
No. 123, Former Japanese Mandated Islands, 2 April 1947, pp. 190-198; Vol. 10, No. 138, Nauru, 1 November 1947, pp. 4-8; U.N. Doc. A/1294, 1950 (G.A., O.R., Fifth Sess., Supp. No. 10), for Italian Somaliland, 27 January 1950, pp. 5-11.
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Article 4 and 5 of New Guinea; Article 4 of the French Cameroons and Togoland; Article 5 of British Togoland, the Cameroons and Tanganyika; Article 5 of Ruanda-Urundi; see U.N., Treaty Series, Vol. 8 (1947), pp. 94, 108, 122, 140, 154, 170, 184.
Ibid., Vol. 8, pp. 102, 116, 130, 146, 162, 176.
Ibid., pp. 80, 148, 176-178.
Ibid., pp. 72-80; cf. pp. 182-188 and Vol. 10, pp. 4-8.
Ibid., Art. 6, p. 76.
Ibid., pp. 100, 130, 162, 186, 194.
G.A., O.R., Second Sess., Fourth Comm., SR. (1947), p. 99. 6 Parry, op. cit., p. 183.
Vedovato, Les accords de tutelle, A.D.D.I., Recueil des cours, torn. 76, Part I (1950), p. 643.
L.N., Official Journal, I Yr., November-December 1920, p. 31.
L.N., Procès verbal, X Sess., Council, 28 October 1920, pp. 23, 191-193.
L.N., Official Journal, I Yr., pp. 87-88.
Infra, Ch. VII, pp. 184-185.
L.N., Procès verbal, X Sess., Council, 28 October 1920, p. 23.
U.N. Doc. PC/EX/113, Rev. 1, 12 November 1945, pp. 7-8, 55-63.
Department of State Bulletin, Vol. XIII, (Oct.-Nov., 1945), pp. 683, 721-722.
U.N., Preparatory Commission, Comm. 4: Trusteeship, SR., Doc. PC/TC/2, 30 November 1945, pp. 3-4.
Ibid., pp. 4-5.
U.N. Doc. PC/20, 23 December 1945, p. 49.
G.A., Journal 24, Supp. No. 4, A/C. 4/24, 6 February 1946, pp. 32-34; Journal No. 25, Supp. 4, A/C. 4/25, 7 February 1946, pp. 37-38.
Ibid., Journal No. 13, Supp. No. 4, A/C. 4/5, 24 January 1946, p. 11.
Ibid., Journal, No. 26, Supp. No. 4, A/C. 4/26, 8 February 1946, pp.40-41.
U.N, Doc. A/34, 7 February 1946, p. 3.
L.N., Official Journal, II Yr., May 1921, pp. 254-255.
Ibid., December 1921, p. 1124; Min. P.M.C., I Sess. (1921), pp. 1-2. 3 U.N. Doc. A/64/Add. 1, 31 January 1947, G.A., Resol. 64 (1), p. 122.
G.A., O.R., First Sess., Pt. II, Plenary Meetings, pp. 1321-1323.
U.N. Weekly Bulletin, Vol. II, No. 5, 11 February 1947, pp. 103–106.
Ibid., No. 12, 1 April 1947, pp. 308-310.
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Chowdhuri, R.N. (1955). Establishment of the Two Systems. In: International Mandates and Trusteeship Systems. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9216-3_4
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