Abstract
The Conveyer organizations whose operations form the contemporary focus of our study were established at different times in the course of an eight-year period. In Norway Liberyas was founded in 1947, the German Förderbände were established in 1952, while Keizai Saiken Kondankai was founded in Japan in 1955. In line with the criteria which distinguish Conveyer organizations in our definition, all three had in common the facts that national business associations took the lead in their establishment and that their major function was that of raising political contributions from businessmen for channelling and distribution among a number of political parties. But beyond this the three organizations were by no means shaped from a common mold. Rather, they exhibited significant differences in regard to structure, openness of operations and relationship to peak business associations, as well as to the priority assigned to their various goals.
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Notes
Alexander Heard, The Costs of Democracy, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962).
Maurice Duverger, Political Parties, (New York: John Wiley, 1954).
Valen and Katz, op. cit., p. 128.
Valen and Katz, op. cit., p. 190; Schmidtchen, op. cit., p. 115. Institut für Demoskopie, Jahrbuch der öffentlichen Meinung 1955-65, (Allensbach, 1965). p. 68; Nobutaka Ike, Japanese Politics (New York: Knopff, 1957), pp. 194–5.
Kitzinger, op. cit., p. 198.
Kitzinger, op. cit., p. 104.
Schmidtchen, op. cit., p. 111.
Kitzinger, op. cit., pp. 84-5; Braunthal, op. cit., p. 276.
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© 1968 Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands
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Heidenheimer, A.J., Langdon, F.C. (1968). How National Party and Interest Group Patterns Affected the Efficacy and Viability of Conveyers. In: Business Associations and the Financing of Political Parties. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-8894-4_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-8894-4_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
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