Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

Safety Considerations in the Chemical Process Industries

  • Chapter
Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry

  • 1380 Accesses

Abstract

In recent years there has been an increased emphasis on chemical process safety as a result of a number of serious accidents. Public awareness of these accidents has provided a driving force for industry to improve its safety record. Local and national governments are taking a hard look at safety in industry as a whole and the chemical industry in particular, and there has been an increasing amount of government regulation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. M & M Protection Consultants, One Hundred Largest Losses: A Thirty Year Review of Property Damage in the Hydrocarbon-Chemical Industry 12th ed. 222 S. Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lees, F. P., Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, London, Butterworths, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Englund, S. M., “Opportunities in the Design of Inherently Safer Chemical Plants,” Advances in Chemical Engineering, James Wei et al. (Eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kletz, T., Cheaper, Safer Plants or Wealth and Safety at Work, Institution of Chemical Engineers, Rugby, England, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Schaller, L. C, Du Pont, Wilmington, DE 1989, Plant Operations Progress, No. 1 (Jan. 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Howard, W., Consultant, Monsanto Chemical Company, Personal Communication, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  7. NFPA 68, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bartknecht, W., Explosions Course Prevention Protection, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  9. NFPA 69 National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Liening, G., “Prolonging Service Life of Metals and Alloys in Chemical Processing Plants,” Chemical Processing, p. 22 (Sept. 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Liening, G., The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI, personal communication, (Sept. 5, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 6th ed., pp. 23–48, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Grinwis, D., Process Systems Associate; Larsen, Paul, Associate Instrument Engineering Consultant; and Schrock, Luther, Process Consultant, The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI and Freeport, TX, personal-communication, (Oct. 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fisher, H., Chemical Engineering Progress, p. 3 (Aug. 1985).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Huff, J. E., “A General Approach to the Sizing of Emergency Pressure Relief Systems,” Reprints of Int. Symp. on Loss Prev. and Safety Promotion in the Process Ind., Heidelberg, Germany, 1977, p. IV 223, DECHEMA, Frankfurt (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Huff, J. E., Institute of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series, No. 85, p. 109 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Huff, J. E., “Emergency Venting Requirements for Gassy Reactions from Closed System Tests,” Plant/Operations Progress, 3 (1), 50–59 (Jan. 1984).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Huff, J. E., “The Role of Pressure Relief in Reactive Chemical Safety,” International Symposium on Preventing Major Chemical Accidents, Washington, DC, sponsored by the Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, The United States Environmental Protection Agency, and the World Bank, (Feb. 3, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Fauske, Hans K., and Leung, J., “New Experimental Technique for Characterizing Runaway Chemical Reactions,” Chemical Engineering Progress, p. 39 (Aug. 1985).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jackson, B. L., Piping Specialist, The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI, personal communication, (Sept. 17, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Alexander, S., and King, R., Materials Engineering Dept., Michigan Div., The Dow Chemical Co., Midland MI, personal communication, (Feb. 14, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cromie, J., Engineering Associate, The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Michigan, personal communication, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Reynolds, J. A., Union Carbide Corp., “Canned Motor and Magnetic Drive Pumps,” Chemical Processing, pp. 71–75 (Nov. 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Technical Management of Chemical Process Safety, Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Cloud, M. J., “Fire, the Most Tolerable Third party,” Michigan Natural Resources, p. 18, (May-June, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fire Safety Data, Fire Protection Association, 140 Aldersgate St., London EC1A 4HX, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Bodurtha, F. T., Engineering Dept., Du Pont, Industrial Explosion Prevention and Protection, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Zabetakis, M. G., “Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors,” Bulletin 627, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Cawse, J. N., Pesetsky, B., and Vyn, W. T., “The Liquid Phase Decomposition of Ethylene Oxide,” Union Carbide Corporation, Technical Center, South Charleston, WV 25303 (no date available).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Stull, D. R., Fundamentals of Fire and Explosion, p. 50, Corporate Safety and Loss Dept., The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kohlbrand, “Case History of a Deflagration Involving an Organic Solvent/Oxygen System Below Its Flash Point,” 24th Annual Loss Prevention Symposium, Sponsored by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, San Diego, CA, (Aug. 19–22, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Mackenzie, J., “Hydrogen Peroxide without Accidents,” Chemical Engineering, pp. 84ff (June 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Eichel, F. G., “Electrostatics,” Chemical Engineering, pp. 154–167 (Mar. 13, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Boundy, R. H., and Boyer, R. F., Styrene, American Chemical Society Monograph Series, p. 63, Reinhold Publishing Co., New York, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  35. NFPA 77, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bodurtha, F. T., “Industrial Explosion Control Course,” Center for Professional Advancement, Chicago, IL, (Sept. 14–16, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Webley, P., Director, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Practice School, Midland Station, Midland, MI, personal communication (May 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  38. CPQRA (Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis), Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  39. TNO, “Methods for the Calculation of the Physical Effects of the Escape of Dangerous Materials: Liquids and Gases,” (“The Yellow Book”), Apeldoorn, The Netherlands, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  40. API RP 521 (2nd ed.), American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Walters, S., “The Beginnings,” Mechanical Engineering, 4, 38–46 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Prugh, R. W., “Quantitative Evaluation of BLEVE Hazards,” AICHE Loss Prevention Symposium, Paper No. 74e, AICHE Spring National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, (Mar. 6–10, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Moore, C. V., “The Design of Barricades for Hazardous Pressure Systems,” Nuclear Engineering Design, 5, 1550–1566 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Clancey, V. J., “Diagnostic Features of Explosion Damage,” Sixth Int. Meeting of Forensic Sciences, Edinburgh, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Baker, W. E., Cox, P. A., Westine, P. S., Kulesz, J. J., and Strehlow, R. A., Explosion Hazards and Evaluation, Elsevier, New York, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Ludwig, E. E., Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants, Vol. 1 (2nd ed.), Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Brasie, W. C., Michigan Division, Process Engineering, The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI, personal communication, (Mar. 9, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Brasie, W. C., Michigan Division, Process Engineering, The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI, personal communication, (Oct. 6, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Allen, W. T., Process Engineering, The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI, personal communication, (May 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  50. AIChE, Guidelines for Safe Storage and Handling of High Toxic Hazard Materials, Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Knowlton, R. E., Hazard and Operability Studies, Chemetics International Co., Ltd., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6J, 1C7, (Feb. 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  52. NUS Corp., HAZOP Study Team Training Manual, Predictive Hazard Identification Techniques for Dow Corning Facilities, Gaithersburg, MD, (July 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Technica Consulting Scientists and Engineers, London, England, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Technica, Inc., “HAZOP Leaders Course,” 1989, Columbus, OH, Nov. 6–10; course leaders David Slater and Frederick Dyke.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Arendt, J. S., Lorenzo, A. F., and Lorenzo, D. K., “Evaluating Process Safety in the Chemical Industry,” A Manager’s Guide to Quantitative Risk Assessment, Chemical Manufacturers Association, DC. 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Burk, Art., Principal Safety Consultant, Du Pont, Newark, DE, personal communication, (Feb. 20, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  57. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), U.S. Department of Labor, The Phillips Company Houston Chemical Complex Explosion and Fire, (Apr. 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Bartknecht, W., Dust Explosions Course, Prevention, Protection, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Beveridge, H. J. R., and Jones, C. G., “Shock Effects of a Bursting-Disk in a Relief Manifold,” Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium, Series No. 85.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Burgess, D., and Zabetakis, M. G., “Fire and Explosion Hazards Associated with Liquefied Natural Gas,” U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report RI 6099 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Burk, A., Principal Safety Consultant, Du Pont, Newark, DE, presentation on “Process Hazards Analysis and Quantitative Risk Assessment,” (July 20, 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  62. “CEFIC Views on the Quantitative Assessment of Risks From Installations in the Chemical Industry,” European Council of Chemical Manufacturers’ Federations, Bruxelles, (Apr. 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Guidelines for Vapor Release Mitigation, Center for Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY, (Sept. 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Hymes, I., “The Physiological and Pathological Effects of Thermal Radiation,” UKAEA Safety and Reliability Directorate, Report SRD R275, Culcheth, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Klein, H. H., “Analysis of DIERs Venting Tests: Validation of a Tool for Sizing Emergency Relief Systems for Runaway Chemical Reactions,” Plant Operations Progress, 5(1), 1–10, (Jan. 1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Nazario, F. N., Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Chemical Engineering, pp. 102–109 (Aug. 15, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Pieterson, C. M. and Huaerta, S. C., “Analysis of the LPG Incident in San Juan Ixhatepec, Mexico City, 19 Nov. 1984,” TNO Report B4–0222, P.O. Box 342 7300 AH, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  69. Roberts, A. F., “Thermal Radiation Hazards from Releases of LPG from Pressurized Storage,” Fire Safety Journal, 4 (3), 197 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Townsend, D. I., and Tou, J. C., “Thermal Hazard Evaluation by an Accelerating Rate Calorimeter,” Thermochimica Acta, 37, 30 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Welty, J. R., Engineering Heat Transfer, SI Version, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Wensley, J. H., “Improved Alarm Management through Use of Fault Tolerant Digital Systems,” Instrument Society of America, International Conference and Exhibit, Houston, TX, (Oct. 13–16, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI, USA

    Stanley M. Englund

Authors
  1. Stanley M. Englund
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

James A. Kent Ph.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Van Nostrand Reinhold

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Englund, S.M. (1992). Safety Considerations in the Chemical Process Industries. In: Kent, J.A. (eds) Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7691-0_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7691-0_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-7693-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-7691-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation