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Flanders in 1576: revolutionary or reactionary?

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The Low Countries History Yearbook 1979

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Abstract

Few episodes in our history have been studied in more detail than the revolt of the Netherlands against Philip II. But nobody has yet dealt so comprehensively with this period that his interpretation of the revolution has won universal acceptance.1 It is an extremely broad, complex subject, and the approach to it has been too general for such an overall picture to have any chance of success. This led J.W. Smit to call for fresh research to pay more attention to the particular situation in each of the Seventeen Provinces. Regional studies would, according to him, provide a firmer basis for a general synthesis.2

This article is a slightly shortened version of P. van Peteghem, ‘Vlaanderen in 1576: revolutionair of reactionair?’, Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis, LXXXIX (Groningen, 1976) 335–57. Abbreviations used: ARA: Algemeen Rijksarchief; PEA: Papiers d’Etat et de l’Audience; RK: Rekenkamer; RV: Raad van Vlaanderen.

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  61. This resolution was signed by Jan van Croy, count of Roeulx, stadholder of Flanders; Philip van Lalaing, stadholder and high-bailli of Hainault, and lieutenant-general of Philip van Croy, duke of Aarschot, on whose behalf he appeared; Philip van Ongnies, high-bailli of Bruges; Ferdinand de la Barre, high-bailli of Ghent; Frans Schouteet, high-bailli of Courtrai; Joris van Montmorency, lord of Croiselles and Frans van Halewijn, high-bailli of Oudenaarde.

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  108. L.P. Gachard, Actes des Etats-Généraux des Pays-Bas, 1576–1585, I (Brussels, 1861) 169, no. 552. The Council of Flanders displayed similar anxieties. When it was decided that all returning exiles were to swear an oath to uphold the Pacification, the Council insisted on a very precise wording: Ghent, Rijksarchief, RV, 735, f° 36r°-v°.

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  109. Brussels, ARA, RK, Register 141, f° 36v° and 37v°–38v°. Cf. Th. Vergriete, Archives de Bergues. Inventaire général (Bergues, 1954) AA 139, where an original edition published by Michiel van Hamont is preserved, together with a handwritten copy. For more details about the publication of the text see Van Peteghem, ‘Vlaanderen in 1576’, 354.

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  111. Philip van Croy had been invited to attend the meeting of the States of Flanders in September, 1576. Following the departure of Jan van Croy for Namur (24th July, 1577) the States of Flanders nominated Philip as their new stadholder. He was appointed to this post by the States General on 20th September, 1577. A few days later Orange returned in triumph to Brussels. During these years Philip spent much time in the Land of Waas. He had bought the seigniories of Beveren, Verrebroek and Kieldrecht in Mechlin on 6th September, 1574, cf. R. Pypers, Geschiedkundige schetsen uit Beveren-Waas (Beveren-Waas, 1911) 89–90. The rapprochement between Flanders and Philip van Croy suggests that for a long time Flanders took a less revolutionary stance than Brabant.

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  112. Philip van Egmont, the son of Lamoraal and Sabina van Beieren, was just eighteen in 1576. He was imprisoned during the ‘Spanish fury’ in Antwerp, and in early 1577 he found himself in prison in Lier. He was released after the conclusion of the Eternal Edict. On 25th May, 1577 he was received with great ceremony in Zottegem, Gavere and Ninove, when he was granted possesion of his father’s estate. Cf. De Kempenaere, Vlaemsche Kronijk, 181.

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  113. Crosby, Calendar of State Papers, 561, no. 1395.

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  116. Baron Kervyn de Volkaersbeke, ed., Mémoires sur les troubles de Gand 1577–1579 par François de Halemjn (Brussels, 1865) 33, although it is clearly Philips van Ongnies who is meant here and not Adriaan, as the editor states.

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  120. Ibidem, 230.

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Van Peteghem, P. (1979). Flanders in 1576: revolutionary or reactionary?. In: The Low Countries History Yearbook 1979. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6803-8_4

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