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In vitro studies of virus-induced disorders of prenatal growth and development

  • Chapter
Abnormal Embryogenesis

Part of the book series: Advances in the Study of Birth Defects ((ASBD,volume 3))

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Abstract

Certain maternal viral infections during pregnancy have been identified as causes of death or abnormal development in the mammalian embryo and fetus1,2. Although the number of viruses clearly identified as being embryo- pathic is small, it serves to demonstrate the potential of viral infections as inducers of reproductive failure and emphasizes the need for an understanding of the interactions that may take place between viruses and the developing organism. Most investigations of these interactions have been conducted in vivo. Pregnant animals have been inoculated with viruses and then the effects of maternal viral infection on the outcome of pregnancy have been observed3-4. In vivo studies are essential for investigation of many aspects of gestational infection and much has been learned from them. They often fail, however, in differentiating direct embryopathic effects of viral infection from indirect effects related to disordered physiology in the infected dame and they cannot provide for direct and continuous observation of the developing embryo or fetus. Evaluation of viral effects in studies conducted in vivo is limited to examination of pre-term fetuses after sacrifice of the pregnant animal or of the young after birth. By these techniques events such as arrest of cleavage, failure of implantation, or death of the embryo during the pre- implantation stage are difficult to detect. In vitro studies, in contrast, permit direct and continuing observation of the response of embryonic cells, fetal organs, or whole embryos to viral exposure under controlled conditions. Although it must be emphasized that these controlled conditions are artificial and that the response of embryos in this milieu cannot be assumed to be equivalent to what occurs in vivo, investigations conducted in vitro can make unique and important contributions to an understanding of the pathogenesis of virus-induced disorders of development when their results are interpreted in conjunction with observations made in vivo. The purpose of this review is to substantiate the utility of the in vitro approach.

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Authors
  1. A. D. Heggie
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T. V. N. Persaud

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© 1979 MTP Press Limited

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Heggie, A.D. (1979). In vitro studies of virus-induced disorders of prenatal growth and development. In: Persaud, T.V.N. (eds) Abnormal Embryogenesis. Advances in the Study of Birth Defects, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6654-6_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6654-6_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-6656-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-6654-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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