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IMMS’ General Textbook of Entomology pp 353–394Cite as

Postembryonic Development

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Abstract

The process of eclosion or hatching from the egg varies greatly in the different groups but usually begins with the swallowing of amniotic liquid so that air enters the egg (Sikes and Wigglesworth, 1931). The chorion and other embryonic membranes are then ruptured, the former either along a preformed line of weakness, such as surrounds the cap of some eggs, or in a more irregular manner. Lepidopteran larvae eat their way through the membranes but other insects exert pressure through muscle contractions. The forces involved may be aided by the swallowing of air or the presence of special structures such as the blood-filled eversible cervical ampullae of some Orthoptera or the various types of hatching spines (eggbursters). When present, the egg-bursters (van Emden, 1946) are solid tooth-like or spine-like cuticular outgrowths. They may be borne on the frontal region of the embryonic cuticle which is shed at or soon after eclosion (most Exopterygotes, Neuroptera, Trichoptera). Alternatively, egg-bursters occur on the cuticle of the normal first-stage larva and are lost only when this moults (Lepismatidae, Nematoceran Diptera, Siphonaptera, Adephagan Coleoptera). Or again, the cuticle of the first-stage larva bears variously situated dorsal structures on the thorax or abdomen or both (many Polyphagan Coleoptera).

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  1. Imperial College, University of London, UK

    O. W. Richards M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. (Emeritus Professor of Zoology and Applied Entomology) & R. G. Davies M.Sc. (Reader in Entomology)

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Richards, O.W., Davies, R.G. (1977). Postembryonic Development. In: IMMS’ General Textbook of Entomology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6514-3_19

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