Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Developmental Disabilities pp 43–53Cite as

Early Visual Impairment: Research and Assessment

  • Chapter

  • 146 Accesses

Abstract

One of the issues repeatedly raised concerning developmental disabilities in the preschool child, and I think the most important one, is how the knowledge bases of different professional groups may be integrated, rather than existing independently or even competitively, to serve the handicapped young child. Each of us, schooled in our various disciplines, often sees a child quite differently and consequently we do not treat the child but treat the “problem.” For example, a mother tells us she is worried because her son shows little interest in his surroundings. As anticipated from her report, the 3-month-old is unable to track an object that moves slowly across the visual field, although he seems to fixate on stationary objects. How do different professionals interpret this observation?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adelson, E. and Fraiberg, S. Gross motor development in infants blind from birth. Child Devel, 45(1):114–126 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aslin, R.N. and Salapatek, P. Saccadic localization of peripheral targets by the very young human infant. Percept.Psychophysiol, 17:293–302 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brazelton, T.B. Neonatal behavioral assessment scale. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 50. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burlingham, D. Special problems with blind infants: Blind baby profile. Psychoanal Study of the Child, 30:3–13 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dayton, G.O., Jr. and Jones, M.H. Analysis of characteristics of fixation reflexes in infants by use of direct current electroculography. Neurology, 14:1152–1156 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dobson, V. and Teller, D.Y. Assessment of visual activity in human infants: A review and comparison of behavioral and electrophysiological studies. Vision Research, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubose, R. Developmental needs in blind infants. New Outlook for the Blind, 70(2):49–52 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Enoch, J.M. and Rabinowitz, I.M. Early surgery and visual correction of an infant born with unilateral eye lens opacity. Documents in Ophthalmol, 41:371–382 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fantz, R.L., Ordy, J.M. and Udelf, M.S. Maturation of pattern vision in infants during the first six months. J. Compar. Physiol Psychol, 55:907–917 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Florentini, A. and Maffei, L. Spatial contrast sensitivity of myopic subjects. Visual Res., 16:437–438 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraiberg, S. Parallel and divergent patterns in blind and sighted infants. Psychoanal. Study of the Child, 23:264–300 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraiberg, S. Separation crises in two blind children. Psy choanal. Study of the Child, 26:355–371 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraiberg, S. Blind infants and their mothers: An examination of the sign system, in Lewis, M. and Rosenblum, L. (eds.), The Effect of the Infant on Its Caregiver. New York: Wiley (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gearhart, B. and Weishahn, M. The Handicapped Child in the Regular Classroom. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Haith, M.M. and Campos, J J. Human infancy. Ann. Rev. PsychoL, 28:251–293 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heath, E J., Cooke, P. and O’dell, N. Eye exercises and reading efficiency. Academ. Ther., 11(4):435–45 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, N. The Futures of Children. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Howland, H.C., Atkinson, J., Braddick, D. and French, J. Infant astigmatism measured by photorefraction. Science, 202/4365:331–333 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. Infants’ responses to facial stimuli during the first year of life. Develop. Psychol, 1:75–86 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. A developmental study of the cardiac response to stimulus onset and offset during the first year of life. Psychophysiology, 8(6):689–698 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. Mothers and fathers, boys and girls: Attachment behavior in the one-year old, in Monks, F J., Hartup, W.W. and deWit, J. (eds.), Determinants of Behavioral Development. New York: Academic Press (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. The development of attention and perception in the infant and young child, in Cruickshank, W.M. and Hallahan, D.P. (eds.), Perceptual and Learning Disabilities in Children (Vol. 2). Syracuse: University Press, pp. 137–162 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. and Brooks-Gunn, J. Attention and intelligence. Intelligence, 1981(s), 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. and Rosenblum, L. Introduction, in Lewis, M. and Rosenblum, L. (eds.). The Effect of the Infant on Its Caregiver: The Origins of Behavior (Vol. 1). New York: Wiley (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. and Scott, E. A developmental study of infant attentional distribution within the first two years of life. Paper presented at a Symposium on Learning in Early Infancy, at the XX International Congress of Psychology, Tokyo, Japan, August (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, D. Infant visual perception: Methods of study, in Cohen, L.B. and Salapatek, P. (eds.), Basic Visual Processes: Infant Perception: From Sensation to Cognition (Vol. 1). New York: Academic Press (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marg, E., Freeman, D.N., Peltzman, P. and Goldstein, P.J. Visual acuity development in human infants: Evoked potential measurements. Investigative Ophthalmology, 15:150–153 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohirdra, I., Held, R., Gwiazda, J. and Beill, S. Astigmatism in infants. Science, 202/4365: 329–331 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newkirk, D., Bloch, D. and Shrybman, J. An analysis of categorical definitions, diagnostic methods, diagnostic criteria and personnel utilization in the classification of handicapped children. The Council for Exceptional Children, March (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, P. and Stanley, F. (eds.) The Epidemiology of Prematurity. Baltimore: Urban & Schwaizenberg (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, R. Teacher expectations, in Lesser, G.S. (ed.), Psychology and the Educational Process. Glenview, Illinois: Scott Foresman (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, R. and Jacobson, L. Pygmalion in the Classroom: Teacher Expectation and Pupil’s Intellectual Development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Salapatek, P. Pattern perception in early infancy, in Cohen, L.B. and Salapatek, P. (eds.), Basic Visual Processes: Infant Perception: From Sensation to Cognition (Vol. 1). New York: Academic Press (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Salapatek, P. and Banks, M.S. Infant sensory assessment vision, in Minifie, F.O. and Lloyd, L. (eds.), Communications and Cognitive Abilities: Early Behavioral Assessment. Bahimore: University Press (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Seaver, W.B. Effects of naturally induced teacher expectancies. J. Person, and Soc. Psychol., 28:333–342 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sokol, S. and Dobson, V. Pattern reversal visually evoked potentials in infants. Investig. Ophthalmol., 15:58–62 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von Senden, M. Space and Sight. Translated by P. Heath. New York: Methuen (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, R.K., Lewis, M., Schimpler, S., Ackerman, J.Z., Driscoll, J. and Koenigsberger. M.R. The distribution of attention within a group of infants “at risk.” Research Bulletin 74–41, Princeton, N J.: Educational Testing Service (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarin-Ackerman, J., Lewis, M. and Driscoll, J. Language development in two-year old normal and risk infants. Pediatrics, 59, 6(supplement):982 (1977).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for the Study of Exceptional Children, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

    Michael Lewis Ph.D.

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Medical School - UMDNJ, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA

    Lawrence T. Taft M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Spectrum Publications, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Brooks-Gunn, J. (1981). Early Visual Impairment: Research and Assessment. In: Lewis, M., Taft, L.T. (eds) Developmental Disabilities. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6314-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6314-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-6316-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-6314-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation